{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:21Z","timestamp":1791849621798,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is controversial whether B12 deficiency causes dementia or B12 treatment can prevent dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess associations between low plasma (P-)B12 levels, B12 treatment, and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD; primary outcome) and all-cause or vascular dementia (secondary outcomes).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a population-based cohort study using Danish registry data to assess associations between low P-B12 levels, high-dose injection or oral B12 treatment, and risk of dementia (study period 2000\u20132013). The primary P-B12 cohort included patients with a first-time P-B12 measurement whose subsequent B12 treatment was recorded. The secondary B12 treatment cohort included patients with a first-time B12 prescription and P-B12 measurement within one year before this prescription. For both cohorts, patients with low P-B12 levels (&lt;200\u200apmol\/L) were propensity score-matched 1:1 with patients with normal levels (200\u2013600\u200apmol\/L). We used multivariable Cox regression to compute 0\u201315-year hazard ratios for dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For low P-B12 and normal P-B12 level groups, we included 53,089 patients in the primary P-B12 cohort and 13,656 patients in the secondary B12 treatment cohort. In the P-B12 cohort, hazard ratios for AD centered around one, regardless of follow-up period or treatment during follow-up. In the B12 treatment cohort, risk of AD was unaffected by low pre-treatment P-B12 levels, follow-up period and type of B12 treatment. Findings were similar for all-cause and vascular dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found no associatio1n between low P-B12 levels and dementia. Associations were unaffected by B12 treatment. Results do not support routine screening for B12 deficiency in patients with suspected dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-201096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T12:19:16Z","timestamp":1610713156000},"page":"1601-1612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Plasma Vitamin B12 Levels, High-Dose Vitamin B12 Treatment, and Risk of Dementia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Johan Frederik H\u00e5konsen","family":"Arendt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erzs\u00e9bet","family":"Horv\u00e1th-Puh\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik Toft","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebba","family":"Nex\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Gulbech","family":"Ording","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor W.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.40"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512004175"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150140"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012244"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1301816110"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.076349"},{"key":"ref007","first-page":"844","volume":"11","author":"Li MM","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"ref008","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"Ontario HQ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ont Health Technol Assess Ser"},{"key":"ref009","first-page":"CD011905","volume":"11","author":"McCleery J","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst 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