{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T03:06:16Z","timestamp":1785207976182,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"s1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms play an important role in diagnosing and clinical follow-up of cognitive impairment and dementia. Objective: We investigated the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment, and dementia in Hispanics. Methods: We included 529 participants (age \u226540 years) from the Maracaibo Aging Study with standardized neuropsychiatric assessments, including the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Based on the Clinical Dementia Rating and the Mini-Mental State Examination scores, participants\u2019 cognitive status was categorized into normal cognition, mild\/moderate, and severe cognitive impairment. Diagnosis of dementia was established in a consensus conference. Statistical analyses included multivariable logistic regression models and area under the curve (AUC). Results: The mean age of participants was 59.3 years, and 71.8%were women. The proportion of dementia was 6.8%. Disturbed sleep, anxiety, and depression were the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms in the study sample. In crude analyses, the proportions of hallucinations, aberrant motor behavior, agitation\/aggression, apathy, delusions, irritability, eating disturbance, depression, and euphoria were differently distributed among cognitive status groups (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.05). After accounting for confounders, aberrant motor behavior and agitation\/aggression remained significantly associated with cognitive impairment and dementia (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.05). The inclusion of the NPI domains significantly improved the AUC to discriminate severe cognitive impairment and dementia compared to a basic model that included sex, age, education, alcohol, obesity, serum glucose, total cholesterol, hypertension, and stroke. Conclusion: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with severe cognitive impairment and dementia. The addition of NPI items to the global cognitive assessment might help early detection of dementia in primary care settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-201144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T12:21:06Z","timestamp":1613737266000},"page":"S251-S261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Among Hispanics: Results of the Maracaibo Aging Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Mario","family":"Gil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, TX, USA"},{"name":"Rio Grande Valley Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Resource Center for Minority Aging Research (RGV AD-RCMAR), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ney","family":"Alliey-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Lopez-Alvarenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rio Grande Valley Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Resource Center for Minority Aging Research (RGV AD-RCMAR), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA"},{"name":"SOM South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Diego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rio Grande Valley Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Resource Center for Minority Aging Research (RGV AD-RCMAR), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA"},{"name":"SOM South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciro A.","family":"Gaona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ledys","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa V.","family":"Pirela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rio Grande Valley Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Resource Center for Minority Aging Research (RGV AD-RCMAR), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela"},{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel A.","family":"de Erausquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"},{"name":"Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer\u2019s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus D.","family":"Melgarejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela"},{"name":"Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gladys E.","family":"Maestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, 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