{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:01:26Z","timestamp":1791907286270,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618876800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Longitudinal changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are seldom studied. Furthermore, data on biomarker gradient between lumbar (L-) and ventricular (V-) compartments seems to be discordant. Objective: To examine alteration of CSF biomarkers reflecting Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD)-related amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) aggregation, tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and early synaptic degeneration by CSF shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) in relation to AD-related changes in brain biopsy. In addition, biomarker levels in L- and V-CSF were compared. Methods: L-CSF was collected prior to shunt placement and, together with V-CSF, 3\u201373 months after surgery. Thereafter, additional CSF sampling took place at 3, 6, and 18 months after the baseline sample from 26 iNPH patients with confirmed A\u03b2 plaques in frontal cortical brain biopsy and 13 iNPH patients without A\u03b2 pathology. CSF Amyloid-\u03b242 (A\u03b242), total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau181), neurofilament light (NFL), and neurogranin (NRGN) were analyzed with customized ELISAs. Results: All biomarkers but A\u03b242 increased notably by 140\u2013810% in L-CSF after CSF diversion and then stabilized. A\u03b242 instead showed divergent longitudinal decrease between A\u03b2-positive and -negative patients in L-CSF, and thereafter increase in A\u03b2-negative iNPH patients in both L- and V-CSF. All five biomarkers correlated highly between V-CSF and L-CSF (A\u03b242 R\u200a=\u200a0.87, T-tau R\u200a=\u200a0.83, P-tau R\u200a=\u200a0.92, NFL R\u200a=\u200a0.94, NRGN R\u200a=\u200a0.9; all p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.0001) but were systematically lower in V-CSF (A\u03b242 14 %, T-tau 22%, P-tau 20%, NFL 32%, NRGN 19%). With APOE genotype-grouping, only A\u03b242 showed higher concentration in non-carriers of allele \u025b4. Conclusion: Longitudinal follow up shows that after an initial post-surgery increase, T-tau, P-tau, and NRGN are stable in iNPH patients regardless of brain biopsy A\u03b2 pathology, while NFL normalized toward its pre-shunt levels. A\u03b242 as biomarker seems to be the least affected by the surgical procedure or shunt and may be the best predictor of AD risk in iNPH patients. All biomarker concentrations were lower in V- than L-CSF yet showing strong correlations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-201361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T13:02:03Z","timestamp":1615294923000},"page":"1629-1642","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Time Trends of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Heikki","family":"Lukkarinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine \u2013Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Tesseur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCB, Braine-l\u2019Alleud, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darrel","family":"Pemberton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Van Der Ark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"Timmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy","family":"Slemmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Janssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Streffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"AC Immune SA, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Van Nueten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Bottelbergs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuomas","family":"Rauramaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine \u2013Pathology, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Koivisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine \u2013Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanna-Kaisa","family":"Herukka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine \u2013Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville E.","family":"Korhonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine \u2013Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Junkkari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine \u2013Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Hiltunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiaan","family":"Engelborghs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Center for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaj","family":"Blennow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy Hospital, M\u00f6lndal, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, M\u00f6lndal, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy Hospital, M\u00f6lndal, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, M\u00f6lndal, Sweden"},{"name":"UCL Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hartmuth C.","family":"Kolb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Research & Development, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Leinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine \u2013Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2004.07.011","article-title":"Principles and applicability of CSF sampling for the assessment of CNS drug delivery and pharmacodynamics","volume":"56","author":"Shen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827414b3","article-title":"Poor cognitive outcome in shunt-responsive idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"72","author":"Koivisto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref3","first-page":"S4","article-title":"Diagnosing idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"57","author":"Relkin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2012.01676.x","article-title":"One-year outcome in the European multicentre study on iNPH","volume":"126","author":"Klinge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22100","article-title":"Amyloid and tau proteins in cortical brain biopsy and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"68","author":"Leinonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828c2fda","article-title":"Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus Pathophysiology and diagnosis by CSF biomarkers","volume":"80","author":"Jeppsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-142622","article-title":"Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus has a different cerebrospinal fluid biomarker profile from Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"45","author":"Jingami","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-101911","article-title":"Longitudinal changes of CSF biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"25","author":"Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69113-7","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"368","author":"Blennow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01593.x","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid tau, phospho-tau181 and \u03b2-amyloid 1-42 in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A discrimination from Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Kapaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00070-3","article-title":"CSF and blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Olsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S271","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-179926","article-title":"From cerebrospinal fluid to blood: The third wave of fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"64","author":"Zetterberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194re2","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006446","article-title":"Changes in amyloid-\u03b2 and tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of transgenic mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein","volume":"5","author":"Maia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.09.005","article-title":"Prevention of tau increase in cerebrospinal fluid of APP transgenic mice suggests downstream effect of BACE1 inhibition","volume":"13","author":"Schelle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.6455","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of cerebrospinal fluid total tau and phosphorylated tau in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: Results from the Swedish Mortality Registry","volume":"71","author":"Skillb\u00e4ck","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)01697-9","article-title":"Transient increase in total tau but not phospho-tau in human cerebrospinal fluid after acute stroke","volume":"297","author":"Hesse","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15436-0","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid p-tau217 performs better than p-tau181 as a biomarker of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Janelidze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.201500150","article-title":"CSF profiling of the human brain enriched proteome reveals associations of neuromodulin and neurogranin to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Remnest\u00e5l","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proteomics Clin Appl"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.10.009","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid levels of the synaptic protein neurogranin correlates with cognitive decline in prodromal Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Kvartsberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-015-0124-3","article-title":"Characterization of the postsynaptic protein neurogranin in paired cerebrospinal fluid and plasma samples from Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients and healthy controls","volume":"7","author":"Kvartsberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.1867","article-title":"Neurogranin as a cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for synaptic loss in symptomatic Alzheimer disease","volume":"72","author":"Kester","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.518","article-title":"CSF neurogranin or tau distinguish typical and atypical Alzheimer disease","volume":"5","author":"Wellington","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002423","article-title":"Increased CSF neurogranin concentration is specific to Alzheimer disease","volume":"86","author":"Wellington","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1851-x","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin concentration in neurodegeneration: Relation to clinical phenotypes and neuropathology","volume":"136","author":"Portelius","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004569","article-title":"Neurogranin, a synaptic protein, is associated with memory independent of Alzheimer biomarkers","volume":"89","author":"Casaletto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3373","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv267","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin: Relation to cognition and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"138","author":"Portelius","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.1534","article-title":"Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light protein in neurology: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Bridel","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201606540","article-title":"Neurofilament light in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Mattsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-019-0142-9","article-title":"The Kuopio idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus protocol: Initial outcome of 175 patients","volume":"16","author":"Junkkari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190334","article-title":"Predicting development of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in patients with shunted idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"71","author":"Luikku","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-303849","article-title":"APOE4 predicts amyloid-\u03b2 in cortical brain biopsy but not idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"83","author":"Pyykk\u00f6","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-018-0339-1","article-title":"A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for neurofilament light in cerebrospinal fluid: Analytical validation and clinical evaluation","volume":"10","author":"Gaetani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.65.8.1102","article-title":"Elevated cerebrospinal fluid BACE1 activity in incipient Alzheimer disease","volume":"65","author":"Zetterberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.01.015","article-title":"Longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid biomarker trajectories along the Alzheimer\u2019s disease continuum in the BIOMARKAPD study","volume":"15","author":"Lle\u00f3","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000063313.57292.00","article-title":"Amyloid beta 1-42 and tau in cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"60","author":"Franz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33606","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033606","article-title":"CSF-biomarkers in Olympic boxing: Diagnosis and effects of repetitive head trauma","volume":"7","author":"Neselius","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.9.1277","article-title":"Neurochemical aftermath of amateur boxing","volume":"63","author":"Zetterberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.ra.2015-0003","article-title":"Evaluation of the production and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"55","author":"Miyajima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000916","article-title":"Alzheimer CSF biomarkers may be misleading in normal-pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"83","author":"Graff-Radford","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X19874790","article-title":"Delayed clearance of cerebrospinal fluid tracer from choroid plexus in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"40","author":"Eide","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146547","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier leakage of blood proteins in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"1727","author":"Eide","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X18760974","article-title":"Delayed clearance of cerebrospinal fluid tracer from entorhinal cortex in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A glymphatic magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"39","author":"Eide","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91974","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091974","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker and brain biopsy findings in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"9","author":"Pyykk\u00f6","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-132708","article-title":"Ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus and posttraumatic hydrocephalus","volume":"41","author":"Brandner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190775","article-title":"Two-point dynamic observation of Alzheimer\u2019s disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"72","author":"Jingami","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01400675","article-title":"Increases of Neuron-specific enolase, S-100 Protein, creatine kinase and creatine kinase BB isoenzyme in CSF following intraventricular catheter implantation","volume":"110","author":"Kruse","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-016-0039-9","article-title":"Small cisterno-lumbar gradient of phosphorylated Tau protein in geriatric patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"13","author":"Djukic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-010-0374-1","article-title":"Rostrocaudal dynamics of CSF biomarkers","volume":"36","author":"Tarnaris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2014.55.388","article-title":"Volumetric analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and brain parenchyma in a patient with hydranencephaly and macrocephaly - Case report","volume":"55","author":"Rado\u0161","year":"2014","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161257","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease-associated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers do not correlate with CSF volumes or CSF production rate","volume":"58","author":"Edsbagge","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2011.01195.x","article-title":"Post-mortem findings in 10 patients with presumed normal pressure hydrocephalus and review of the literature","volume":"38","author":"Leinonen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201361_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-1051-z","article-title":"Flutemetamol PET imaging and cortical biopsy histopathology for fibrillar amyloid \u03b2 detection in living subjects with normal pressure hydrocephalus: Pooled analysis of four studies","volume":"124","author":"Rinne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JAD-201361","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:05:23Z","timestamp":1777370723000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JAD-201361"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-201361","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]}}}