{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:13:40Z","timestamp":1791908020668,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The oldest-old, those 85 years and older, are the fastest growing segment of the population and present with the highest prevalence of dementia. Given the importance of neuroimaging measures to understand aging and dementia, the objective of this study was to review neuroimaging studies performed in oldest-old participants. We used PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science search engines to identify in vivo CT, MRI, and PET neuroimaging studies either performed in the oldest-old or that addressed the oldest-old as a distinct group in analyses. We identified 60 studies and summarized the main group characteristics and findings. Generally, oldest-old participants presented with greater atrophy compared to younger old participants, with most studies reporting a relatively stable constant decline in brain volumes over time. Oldest-old participants with greater global atrophy and atrophy in key brain structures such as the medial temporal lobe were more likely to have dementia or cognitive impairment. The oldest-old presented with a high burden of white matter lesions, which were associated with various lifestyle factors and some cognitive measures. Amyloid burden as assessed by PET, while high in the oldest-old compared to younger age groups, was still predictive of transition from normal to impaired cognition, especially when other adverse neuroimaging measures (atrophy and white matter lesions) were also present. While this review highlights past neuroimaging research in the oldest-old, it also highlights the dearth of studies in this important population. It is imperative to perform more neuroimaging studies in the oldest-old to better understand aging and dementia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-201578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T14:09:34Z","timestamp":1620742174000},"page":"129-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Neuroimaging in the Oldest-Old: A Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Davis C.","family":"Woodworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiana A.","family":"Scambray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda M.","family":"Corrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia H.","family":"Kawas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Ahmad","family":"Sajjadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref1","first-page":"457","article-title":"Dementia in the oldest old","volume":"19","author":"Bullain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21915","article-title":"Dementia incidence continues to increase with age in the oldest old: The 90+study","volume":"67","author":"Corrada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.143.2.383","article-title":"Radiologic changes of the aging brain and skull","volume":"143","author":"LeMay","year":"1984","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(80)90027-5","article-title":"Computed tomography evaluations of brain-behavior relationships in senile dementia of the Alzheimer\u2019s type","volume":"1","author":"De Leon","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref5","first-page":"101","article-title":"CT diagnostic features of Alzheimer disease: Importance of the choroidal\/hippocampal fissure complex","volume":"11","author":"George","year":"1990","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.29.8.1138","article-title":"Cortical atrophy, ventricular enlargement and intellectual impairment in the aged","volume":"29","author":"Earnest","year":"1979","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1985.tb06312.x","article-title":"Imaging the centenarian brain - a computed tomographic study","volume":"33","author":"Goldstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199301213280301","article-title":"A population-based study of dementia in 85-year-olds","volume":"328","author":"Skoog","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000131928.47478.44","article-title":"Silent and symptomatic infarcts on cranial computerized tomography in relation to dementia and mortality - A population-based study in 85-year-old subjects","volume":"35","author":"Liebetrau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879400700308","article-title":"The prevalence of white-matter lesions on computed-tomography of the brain in demented and nondemented 85-year-olds","volume":"7","author":"Skoog","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00190.x","article-title":"The influence of white matter lesions on neuropsychological functioning in demented and non-demented 85-year-olds","volume":"93","author":"Skoog","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.1.37","article-title":"A population study of apoE genotype at the age of 85: Relation to dementia, cerebrovascular disease, and mortality","volume":"64","author":"Skoog","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.997","article-title":"Basal ganglia calcification and psychotic symptoms in the very old","volume":"18","author":"Ostling","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820f2e26","article-title":"A population-based study on the influence of brain atrophy on 20-year survival after age 85","volume":"76","author":"Olesen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170950","article-title":"Low cerebrospinal fluid A beta(42) and A beta(40) are related to white matter lesions in cognitively normal elderly","volume":"62","author":"Skoog","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.32.3.404","article-title":"A population-based study on blood pressure and brain atrophy in 85-year-olds","volume":"32","author":"Skoog","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s004060170041","article-title":"Brain atrophy parameters of very old subjects in a population-based sample with and without dementia syndrome","volume":"251","author":"Reischies","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2004.08.009","article-title":"Tolerance of MRI procedures by the oldest old","volume":"22","author":"Wollman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.9.FOCUS11205","article-title":"Incidental findings on cranial imaging in nonagenarians","volume":"31","author":"Al-Holou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1996.tb03736.x","article-title":"Atrophy of the corpus callosum in Alzheimer\u2019s disease versus healthy aging","volume":"44","author":"Janowsky","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.2.318","article-title":"Magnetic resonance abnormalities and cardiovascular disease in older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"25","author":"Manolio","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1997.tb03191.x","article-title":"The association of antihypertensive agents with MRI white matter findings and with Modified Mini-Mental State Examination in older adults","volume":"45","author":"Heckbert","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010100","article-title":"Neuroanatomic and functional correlates of depressed mood: The Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"150","author":"Sato","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1159\/000068482","article-title":"Are MRI white matter lesions clinically significant in the \u2018old-old\u2019? Evidence from the Sydney Older Persons Study","volume":"15","author":"Piguet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/30.4.325","article-title":"Relationship between periventricular or deep white matter lesions and arterial elasticity indices in very old people","volume":"30","author":"Duprez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2015.135","article-title":"Excessive variability in systolic blood pressure that is self-measured at home exacerbates the progression of brain white matter lesions and cognitive impairment in the oldest old","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.6.1555","article-title":"Brain volume preserved in healthy elderly through the eleventh decade","volume":"51","author":"Mueller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.01.006","article-title":"Age-associated differences on structural brain MRI in nondemented individuals from 71 to 103 years","volume":"40","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-011-0198-6","article-title":"Age-related changes in the thickness of cortical zones in humans","volume":"24","author":"McGinnis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.5.1297","article-title":"Volume loss of the hippocampus and temporal lobe in healthy elderly persons destined to develop dementia","volume":"48","author":"Kaye","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.3.338","article-title":"Prefrontal gray and white matter volumes in healthy aging and Alzheimer disease","volume":"56","author":"Salat","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000280577.43413.d9","article-title":"Trajectories of brain loss in aging and the development of cognitive impairment","volume":"70","author":"Carlson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205013666151218150534","article-title":"Structural MRI biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment from young elders to centenarians","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31822b0004","article-title":"Distinct profiles of brain and cognitive changes in the very old with Alzheimer disease","volume":"77","author":"Stricker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15990","article-title":"White matter hyperintensities and hippocampal atrophy in relation to cognition: The 90+Study","volume":"67","author":"Legdeur","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13614","article-title":"Subiculum volumes associated with memory function in the oldest-old individuals aged 95 years and older","volume":"19","author":"Eguchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb02997.x","article-title":"Age-related brain changes associated with motor function in healthy older people","volume":"47","author":"Camicioli","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000316799.86917.37","article-title":"Impact of white matter hyperintensity volume progression on rate of cognitive and motor decline","volume":"71","author":"Silbert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00532.x","article-title":"Cognitive, extrapyramidal, and magnetic resonance imaging predictors of functional impairment in nondemented older community dwellers: The Sydney Older Person Study","volume":"54","author":"Bennett","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-006-0671-5","article-title":"Contributions of age and alcohol consumption to cerebellar integrity, gait and cognition in non-demented very old individuals","volume":"256","author":"Piguet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182436598","article-title":"Nutrient biomarker patterns, cognitive function, and MRI measures of brain aging","volume":"78","author":"Bowman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160079","article-title":"Less daily computer use is related to smaller hippocampal volumes in cognitively intact elderly","volume":"52","author":"Silbert","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-018-1030-x","article-title":"Sleep, hippocampal volume, and cognition in adults over 90 years old","volume":"30","author":"Sabeti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00054","article-title":"Blood pressure circadian variation, cognition and brain imaging in 90+year-olds","volume":"11","author":"Paganini-Hill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.013","article-title":"Age-related white matter integrity differences in oldest-old without dementia","volume":"56","author":"Bennett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.08.020","article-title":"Changes in perceptual speed and white matter microstructure in the corticospinal tract are associated in very old age","volume":"102","author":"Lovden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.01.045","article-title":"Objective measures of physical activity, white matter integrity and cognitive status in adults over age 80","volume":"284","author":"Tian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.01.030","article-title":"Effects of advanced aging on the neural correlates of successful recognition memory","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.02.022","article-title":"Memory activation in healthy nonagenarians","volume":"32","author":"Beeri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.04.012","article-title":"Characterizing the white matter hyperintensity penumbra with cerebral blood flow measures","volume":"8","author":"Promjunyakul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16651268","article-title":"Comparison of cerebral blood flow and structural penumbras in relation to white matter hyperintensities: A multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"36","author":"Promjunyakul","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2004.00972.x","article-title":"Comparing white matter lesions on T-2 and FLAIR MRI in the Sydney Older Persons Study","volume":"12","author":"Piguet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000052822.22994.86","article-title":"MRS in relation to hippocampal volume in the oldest old","volume":"60","author":"Spencer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.06.005","article-title":"Amyloid imaging and cognitive decline in nondemented oldest-old: The 90+Study","volume":"9","author":"Kawas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.12.014","article-title":"Low cortical iron and high entorhinal cortex volume promote cognitive functioning in the oldest-old","volume":"64","author":"van Bergen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23797","article-title":"In vivo assessment of amyloid-\u03b2 deposition in nondemented very elderly subjects","volume":"73","author":"Mathis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828c2fc8","article-title":"Cognitive trajectories associated with beta-amyloid deposition in the oldest-old without dementia","volume":"80","author":"Snitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1920","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005549","article-title":"Amyloid deposition and brain structure as long-term predictors of MCI, dementia, and mortality","volume":"90","author":"Lopez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.3029","article-title":"Amyloid beta deposition and suspected non-Alzheimer pathophysiology and cognitive decline patterns for 12 years in oldest old participants without dementia","volume":"75","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000977","article-title":"Amyloid, neurodegeneration, and small vessel disease as predictors of dementia in the oldest-old","volume":"83","author":"Lopez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000435301.64776.37","article-title":"Pulse wave velocity is associated with \u03b2-amyloid deposition in the brains of very elderly adults","volume":"81","author":"Hughes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.186","article-title":"Arterial stiffness and beta-amyloid progression in nondemented elderly adults","volume":"71","author":"Hughes","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000079053.77227.14","article-title":"Changes in premorbid brain volume predict Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology","volume":"61","author":"Silbert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000341273.18141.64","article-title":"Factors associated with resistance to dementia despite high Alzheimer disease pathology","volume":"72","author":"Erten-Lyons","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.1957","article-title":"Neuropathologic basis of age-associated brain atrophy","volume":"70","author":"Erten-Lyons","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.06.016","article-title":"Acceleration of cerebral ventricular expansion in the Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"28","author":"Carmichael","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3621","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz277","article-title":"Antemortem volume loss mirrors TDP-43 staging in older adults with non-frontotemporal lobar degeneration","volume":"142","author":"Bejanin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30284-3","article-title":"Rates of hippocampal atrophy and presence of post-mortem TDP-43 in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A longitudinal retrospective study","volume":"16","author":"Josephs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1951-7","article-title":"Pathological, imaging and genetic characteristics support the existence of distinct TDP-43 types in non-FTLD brains","volume":"137","author":"Josephs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483972","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/483972","article-title":"MRI shows more severe hippocampal atrophy and shape deformation in hippocampal sclerosis than in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"2011","author":"Zarow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-201578_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12241"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JAD-201578","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:06:02Z","timestamp":1777370762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JAD-201578"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Arfanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-201578","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]}}}