{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:41:17Z","timestamp":1790847677155,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia (PDD) are differentiated by the time of onset of cognitive and motor symptoms (\u20181-year rule\u2019). We explored the neuropsychological continuum of DLB and PDD subjects with different timing of dementia onset. Objective: Our aim was to compare the neuropsychological profile of DLB and PDD patients with different timing of dementia onset. Methods: Neuropsychological findings at the diagnosis of dementia of 66 PDD and 42 DLB patients were retrospectively compared. Patients with PDD were divided into three tertile subgroups according to the time interval between the onset of parkinsonism and dementia (N\u200a=\u200a24, 2\u20134 years; N\u200a=\u200a17, 5\u20137 years; N\u200a=\u200a25 \u22658 years, respectively). Results: DLB patients performed worse on the Stroop and semantic fluency tests than PDD, even in comparison to PD with early dementia onset. No significant differences among PDD subgroups were reported. Conclusion: Executive and semantic language tests could differentiate DLB and PD patients with earlier development of dementia relative to parkinsonism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-210006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T17:25:57Z","timestamp":1632849957000},"page":"757-766","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Dissecting the Interplay Between Time of Dementia and Cognitive Profiles in Lewy Body Dementias"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Palermo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Neurology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Belli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Neurology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Tommasini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Neurology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Morganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Statistics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Frosini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Neurology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Nicoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Neurology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Tognoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Neurology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Siciliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Neurology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ubaldo","family":"Bonuccelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Neurology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Baldacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Neurology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Ceravolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Neurology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713000494","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of dementia with Lewy bodies: A systematic review of population and clinical studies","volume":"44","author":"Vann Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21507","article-title":"Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Emre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004058","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: Fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium","volume":"89","author":"McKeith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25120","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment in de novo Parkinson\u2019s disease according to movement disorder guidelines","volume":"27","author":"Poletti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1016-8","article-title":"Are dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia the same disease?","volume":"16","author":"Jellinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-008-9055-0","article-title":"Neuropsychological characteristics of dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson\u2019s disease with dementia: Differentiation, early detection, and implications for \u201cmild cognitive impairment\u201d and biomarkers","volume":"18","author":"Troster","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000256715.13907.d3","article-title":"DLB and PDD boundary issues: Diagnosis, treatment, molecular pathology, and biomarkers","volume":"68","author":"Lippa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150952","article-title":"Different clinical and neuroimaging characteristics in early stage Parkinson\u2019s disease with dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"52","author":"Takemoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2076","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009434","article-title":"Cognitive decline profiles differ in Parkinson disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"94","author":"Smirnov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-019-02129-2","article-title":"Differences in cognitive profiles between Lewy body and Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia","volume":"127","author":"Martini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000187889.17253.b1","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: Third report of the DLB Consortium","volume":"65","author":"McKeith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.64.751.345","article-title":"Accuracy in the clinical diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes","volume":"64","author":"Gibb","year":"1988","journal-title":"Postgr Med J"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23429","article-title":"Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"25","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.1996.tb00423.x","article-title":"Mini-mental state examination: A normative study in Italian elderly population","volume":"3","author":"Magni","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-005-0443-4","article-title":"The frontal assessment battery (FAB): Normative values in an Italian population sample","volume":"26","author":"Appollonio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-012-1130-x","article-title":"Forward and backward span for verbal and visuo-spatial data: Standardization and normative data from an Italian adult population","volume":"34","author":"Monaco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1159\/000117297","article-title":"The Mental Deterioration Battery: Normative data, diagnostic reliability and qualitative analyses of cognitive impairment. The Group for the Standardization of the Mental Deterioration Battery","volume":"36","author":"Carlesimo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Normative data of two memory tasks: Short-Story recall and Rey\u2019s Figure","volume":"12","author":"Carlesimo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nuova Riv Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref19","first-page":"477","article-title":"Tre test clinici di ricerca e produzione lessicale. Taratura su soggetti normali","volume":"47","author":"Novelli","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Psicol Neurol Psichiatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01997792","article-title":"Trail Making Test: Normative values from 287 normal adult controls","volume":"17","author":"Giovagnoli","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ital J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Italian Group on the Neuropsychological Study of Ageing: Italian standardization and classification of neuropsychological tests","volume":"6","author":"Spinnler","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ital J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref22","first-page":"111","article-title":"A short version of the Stroop test: Normative data in an Italian population sample","volume":"12","author":"Caffarra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nuova Riv di Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.5.588","article-title":"CLOX: An executive clock drawing task","volume":"64","author":"Royall","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000242630.52203.8f","article-title":"Clinical phenotype of Parkinson disease dementia","volume":"67","author":"Galvin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25844","article-title":"Time to redefine PD? Introductory statement of the MDS Task Force on the definition of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"29","author":"Berg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22384","article-title":"Cognitive decline in early Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Kandiah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25866","article-title":"The spectrum of cognitive impairment in Lewy body diseases","volume":"29","author":"Goldman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10633","article-title":"Comparison of dementia with Lewy bodies to Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease with dementia","volume":"19","author":"Noe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.184747","article-title":"A comparative analysis of cognitive profiles and white-matter alterations using voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging between patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"81","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2011.7.1.19","article-title":"Dementia with Lewy bodies versus Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia: A comparison of cognitive profiles","volume":"7","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988704267470","article-title":"Are Parkinson\u2019s disease with dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies the same entity?","volume":"17","author":"Aarsland","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.104257","article-title":"Visual recognition memory differentiates dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia","volume":"78","author":"Mondon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20129","article-title":"A comparison of label-based review and ALE meta-analysis in the stroop task","volume":"25","author":"Laird","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01977.x","article-title":"A comparison of cerebral glucose metabolism in Parkinson\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"14","author":"Yong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws142","article-title":"The differing roles of the frontal cortex in fluency tests","volume":"135","author":"Robinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617706061078","article-title":"Role of frontal versus temporal cortex in verbal fluency as revealed by voxel-based lesion symptom mapping","volume":"12","author":"Baldo J","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.02.001","article-title":"Verbal fluency performance in dementia of the Alzheimer\u2019s type: A meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Henry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlw070","article-title":"Distribution and load of amyloid-beta pathology in Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"75","author":"Hepp","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30291-5","article-title":"Neuropathological and genetic correlates of survival and dementia onset in synucleinopathies: A retrospective analysis","volume":"16","author":"Irwin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2020.1731306","article-title":"The path to biomarker-based diagnostic criteria for the spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"20","author":"Baldacci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000326146.60732.d6","article-title":"Imaging amyloid deposition in Lewy body diseases","volume":"71","author":"Gomperts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e155","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009763","article-title":"Subtypes of dementia with Lewy bodies are associated with alpha-synuclein and tau distribution","volume":"95","author":"Ferman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3257","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010943","article-title":"Amyloid-\u03b2 and tau biomarkers and clinical phenotype in dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"95","author":"Ferreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.05.014","article-title":"Regional neuropathology distribution and verbal fluency impairments in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"65","author":"El-Nazer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref45","first-page":"3","article-title":"Early autonomic and cognitive dysfunction in PD, DLB and MSA: Blurring the boundaries between \u03b1-synucleinopathies","volume":"1","author":"Palermo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00123","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies have similar neuropsychological profiles","volume":"9","author":"Aldridge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000036908.39696.FD","article-title":"Fluctuations in attention: PD dementia vs DLB with parkinsonism","volume":"59","author":"Ballard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3338","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz235","article-title":"Fluctuating cognition in the Lewy body dementias","volume":"142","author":"O\u2019Dowd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5453-3","article-title":"Fluctuating cognition and different cognitive and behavioural profiles in Parkinson\u2019s disease with dementia: Comparison of dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"257","author":"Varanese","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210006_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-319008","article-title":"Cognitive decline in Parkinson\u2019s disease: The impact of the motor phenotype on cognition","volume":"90","author":"Wojtala","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JAD-210006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:07:16Z","timestamp":1777370836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JAD-210006"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Annachiara","family":"Cagnin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-210006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]]}}}