{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:57:17Z","timestamp":1777395437189,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Identification of modifiable risk factors that affect cognitive decline is important for the development of preventive and treatment strategies. Status of paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a high-density lipoprotein-associated enzyme, may play a role in the development of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Objective: We tested a hypothesis that PON1 status predicts cognition in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Individuals with MCI (n\u200a=\u200a196, 76.8-years-old, 60% women) participating in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial (VITACOG) were assigned to receive a daily dose of folic acid (0.8\u200amg), vitamin B12 (0.5\u200amg) and B6 (20 mg) (n\u200a=\u200a95) or placebo (n\u200a=\u200a101) for 2 years. Cognition was analyzed by neuropsychological tests. Brain atrophy was quantified in a subset of participants (n\u200a=\u200a168) by MRI. PON1 status, including PON1 Q192R genotype, was determined by quantifying enzymatic activity of PON1 using paraoxon and phenyl acetate as substrates. Results: In the placebo group, baseline phenylacetate hydrolase (PhAcase) activity of PON1 (but not paraoxonase activity or PON1 Q192R genotype) was significantly associated with global cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE; Telephone Inventory for Cognitive Status-modified, TICS-m), verbal episodic memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-revised: Total Recall, HVLT-TR; Delayed Recall, HVLT-DR), and attention\/processing speed (Trail Making A and Symbol Digits Modalities Test, SDMT) at the end of study. In addition to PhAcase, baseline iron and triglycerides predicted MMSE, baseline fatty acids predicted SDMT, baseline anti-N-Hcy-protein autoantibodies predicted TICS-m, SDMT, Trail Making A, while BDNF V66M genotype predicted HVLT-TR and HVLT-DR scores at the end of study. B-vitamins abrogated associations of PON1 and other variables with cognition. Conclusion: PON1 is a new factor associated with impaired cognition that can be ameliorated by B-vitamins in individuals with MCI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-210137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T15:54:46Z","timestamp":1619538886000},"page":"1211-1229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Paraoxonase 1, B Vitamins Supplementation, and Mild Cognitive Impairment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Per\u0142a-Kaj\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"W\u0142oczkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anetta","family":"Zio\u0142a-Frankowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Frankowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. David","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OPTIMA, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celeste A.","family":"de Jager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OPTIMA, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helga","family":"Refsum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hieronim","family":"Jakubowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Pozna\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, International 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