{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:01:04Z","timestamp":1791594064487,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624924800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) may be a vascular disorder with neurodegenerative consequences opening possibility of preventing AD by targeting vascular risk factors including homocysteine. Objective: The study aims were to assess homocysteine distribution in different forms and severity of cognitive impairment (CogI) [mild cognitive impairment (MCI), probable AD (Prob-AD), possible AD (Poss-AD), and vascular dementia (VaD)] and in NoCogI, and to estimate possible association between hyperhomocysteinemia levels with functional deficit severity and psychobehavioral complications. Methods: In total, 929 (M\u200a=\u200a366, F\u200a=\u200a563; mean age of 72.55\u00b16.24 years) patients were evaluated with cognitive, neuropsychiatric, affective, and functional assessment scales. Homocysteine serum was set on two levels: between 0 and 10\u03bcmol\/L and\u200a&gt;\u200a10\u03bcmol\/L. For each patient, blood concentration of folate, vitamin B12, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycemia were measured. Results: CogI patients demonstrated significantly a higher frequency of homocysteine\u200a&gt;\u200a10 (p\u200a=\u200a0.003), than NoCogI patients. Patients with moderate and severe dementia had a higher frequency of homocysteine\u200a&gt;\u200a10 (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.0001), than MCI and mild dementia. Poss-AD and VaD had a higher frequency of homocysteine\u200a&gt;\u200a10 (p\u200a=\u200a0.003), than Prob-AD patients. Homocysteine\u200a&gt;\u200a10 frequency is directly proportional to increased neuropsychiatric symptom severity (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.0001), and functional impairment severity respectively for ADL (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.0001) and IADL (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.0001). Conclusion: Higher homocysteine level seems to be significantly related to cognitive impairment frequency and severity, possible AD and VaD, neuropsychiatric symptom severity, and functional impairment severity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-210166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T12:44:13Z","timestamp":1621946653000},"page":"235-248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Relationship of Homocysteine Plasma Levels with Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer\u2019s Disease, Vascular Dementia, Psychobehavioral, and Functional Complications"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Michele","family":"Lauriola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grazia","family":"D\u2019Onofrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychology Service, Health Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filomena","family":"Ciccone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychology Service, Health Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"Germano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro","family":"Cascavilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex 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