{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:49:59Z","timestamp":1787755799534,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Increasing evidence suggests that hypertension is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. The relationship between blood pressure and cognition in a racially and ethnically diverse population remains unclear. Objective: To study association of blood pressure with cognition cross-sectionally and longitudinally in the elderly. Methods: Participants are stroke-free individuals from the racially and ethnically diverse Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS) (n\u200a=\u200a1215). General linear models are constructed to examine blood pressure in relation to cognition cross-sectionally and longitudinally at a five-year follow-up. Results: We found a cross-sectional association of systolic blood pressure (SBP) with word fluency\/semantic memory, executive function, and processing speed\/visual motor integration (VMI) function. This association was independent of demographics, vascular risk factors, white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). The cross-sectional association of SBP with processing speed\/VMI and executive function was attenuated after adjusting anti-hypertension medications in the models. Baseline SBP was associated with the change of processing speed\/VMI function after adjusting vascular risk factors, WMHV, and cIMT at a 5-year follow-up. This longitudinal association was not found after adjusting anti-hypertension medications in the models. Further analyses revealed that individuals with category SBP from\u200a&lt;\u200a120\u200ammHg to\u2265140\u200ammHg had a linear decline in processing speed\/VMI function at a 5-year follow-up. Conclusion: We show that SBP is negatively associated with cognition cross-sectionally and longitudinally in the elderly. Anti-hypertension treatment eliminates the negative association of SBP with processing speed\/VMI function longitudinally. Our findings support the treatment of stage 1 systolic hypertension in the elderly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-210252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T15:31:07Z","timestamp":1622215867000},"page":"689-699","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Systolic Blood Pressure and Cognition in the Elderly: The Northern Manhattan Study1"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA"},{"name":"Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanhui","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA"},{"name":"Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie E.","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA"},{"name":"Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Caunca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA"},{"name":"Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adina","family":"Zeki Al Hazzourie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet T.","family":"DeRosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaakov","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying Kuen","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell S.V.","family":"Elkind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Rundek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA"},{"name":"Evelyn F. 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