{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T16:44:07Z","timestamp":1789922647010,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Early and severe neuronal loss in the cholinergic basal forebrain is observed in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). To date, cholinomimetics play a central role in the symptomatic treatment of AD dementia. Although basic research indicates that a cholinergic deficit is present in AD before dementia, the efficacy of cholinomimetics in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains controversial. Predictors of cholinergic impairment could guide individualized therapy. Objective: To investigate if the extent of the cholinergic deficit, measured using positron emission tomography (PET) and the tracer 11C-N-methyl-4-piperidyl acetate (MP4A), could be predicted from the volume of cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei in non-demented AD patients. Methods: Seventeen patients with a high likelihood of MCI due to AD and 18 age-matched cognitively healthy adults underwent MRI-scanning. Basal forebrain volume was assessed using voxel-based morphometry and a cytoarchitectonic atlas of cholinergic nuclei. Cortical acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured using MP4A-PET. Results: Cortical AChE activity and nucleus basalis of Meynert (Ch4 area) volume were significantly decreased in MCI. The extent of the cholinergic deficit varied considerably across patients. Greater volumes of anterior basal forebrain nuclei (Ch1\/2 area) and younger age (Spearman\u2019s rho\u00a0(17)\u00a0\u200a=\u200a\u20130.596, 95% -CI [\u20130.905, \u20130.119] and 0.593, 95% -CI [0.092, 0.863])) were associated with a greater cholinergic deficit. Conclusion: Data suggest that less atrophy of the Ch1\/2 area and younger age are associated with a more significant cholinergic deficit in MCI due to AD. Further investigations are warranted to determine if the individual response to cholinomimetics can be inferred from these measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-210261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T11:47:55Z","timestamp":1642765675000},"page":"425-440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Age and Anterior Basal Forebrain Volume Predict the Cholinergic Deficit in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Nils","family":"Richter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center J\u00fclich, J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara-Sophia","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel J.","family":"Grothe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany"},{"name":"Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurofisiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo\/CSIC\/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Teipel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Dietlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Tittgemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Neumaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-5), Research Center J\u00fclich, J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gereon R.","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center J\u00fclich, J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oezguer A.","family":"Onur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center J\u00fclich, J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juraj","family":"Kukolja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center J\u00fclich, J\u00fclich, 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