{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:01:15Z","timestamp":1777395675823,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Although an efficacious dementia-risk score system, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE) was derived using midlife risk factors in a population with low educational attainment that does not reflect today\u2019s US population, and requires laboratory biomarkers, which are not always available. Objective: Develop and validate a modified CAIDE (mCAIDE) system and test its ability to predict presence, severity, and etiology of cognitive impairment in older adults. Methods: Population consisted of 449 participants in dementia research (N\u200a=\u200a230; community sample; 67.9\u00b110.0 years old, 29.6%male, 13.7\u00b14.1 years education) or receiving dementia clinical services (N\u200a=\u200a219; clinical sample; 74.3\u00b19.8 years old, 50.2%male, 15.5\u00b12.6 years education). The mCAIDE, which includes self-reported and performance-based rather than blood-derived measures, was developed in the community sample and tested in the independent clinical sample. Validity against Framingham, Hachinski, and CAIDE risk scores was assessed. Results: Higher mCAIDE quartiles were associated with lower performance on global and domain-specific cognitive tests. Each one-point increase in mCAIDE increased the odds of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by up to 65%, those of AD by 69%, and those for non-AD dementia by &gt;\u200a85%, with highest scores in cases with vascular etiologies. Being in the highest mCAIDE risk group improved ability to discriminate dementia from MCI and controls and MCI from controls, with a cut-off of \u22657 points offering the highest sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Conclusion: mCAIDE is a robust indicator of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling seniors, which can discriminate well between dementia severity including MCI versus controls. The mCAIDE may be a valuable tool for case ascertainment in research studies, helping flag primary care patients for cognitive testing, and identify those in need of lifestyle interventions for symptomatic control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-210269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]],"date-time":"2021-07-03T04:45:48Z","timestamp":1625287548000},"page":"1755-1768","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["A Modified CAIDE Risk Score as a Screening Tool for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Magdalena I.","family":"Tolea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaeyeong","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Chrisphonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Galvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-210269_ref1","unstructured":"Prince M , Jackson J (2009) World Alzheimer Report 2009. 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