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The selection of stimulation target is critical, and structures that have been targeted for memory and cognitive enhancement include the Papez circuit, structures projecting to the frontal lobe such as the ventral internal capsule, and the cholinergic forebrain. Recent human clinical and animal model results imply that DBS of the nucleus basalis of Meynert can induce a therapeutic modulation of neuronal activity. Benefits include enhanced activity across the cortical mantle, and potential for amelioration of neuropathological mechanisms associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. The choice of stimulation parameters is also critical. High-frequency, continuous stimulation is used for movement disorders as a way of inhibiting their output; however, no overexcitation has been hypothesized in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and lower stimulation frequency or intermittent patterns of stimulation (periods of stimulation interleaved with periods of no stimulation) are likely to be more effective for stimulation of the cholinergic forebrain. Efficacy and long-term tolerance in human patients remain open questions, though the cumulative experience gained by DBS for movement disorders provides assurance for the safety of the procedure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-210425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T13:15:52Z","timestamp":1627391752000},"page":"491-503","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cholinergic Deep Brain Stimulation for Memory and Cognitive Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Saravanan","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Blake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 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