{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T02:26:45Z","timestamp":1785292005355,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Differential cognitive trajectories in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) may be predicted by biomarkers from multiple domains. Objective: In a longitudinal sample of AD and AD-related dementias patients (n\u200a=\u200a312), we tested whether 1) change in brain morphometry (ventricular enlargement) predicts differential cognitive trajectories, 2) further risk is contributed by genetic (Apolipoprotein E [APOE] \u025b4+) and vascular (pulse pressure [PP]) factors separately, and 3) the genetic\u200a+\u200avascular risk moderates this pattern. Methods: We applied a dynamic computational approach (parallel process models) to test both concurrent and change-related associations between predictor (ventricular size) and cognition (executive function [EF]\/attention). We then tested these associations as stratified by APOE (\u025b4\u2013\/\u025b4+), PP (low\/high), and APOE+ PP (low\/intermediate\/high) risk. Results: First, concurrently, higher ventricular size predicted lower EF\/attention performance and, longitudinally, increasing ventricular size predicted steeper EF\/attention decline. Second, concurrently, higher ventricular size predicted lower EF\/attention performance selectively in APOE \u025b4+ carriers, and longitudinally, increasing ventricular size predicted steeper EF\/attention decline selectively in the low PP group. Third, ventricular size and EF\/attention associations were absent in the high APOE+ PP risk group both concurrently and longitudinally. Conclusion: As AD progresses, a threshold effect may be present in which ventricular enlargement in the context of exacerbated APOE+ PP risk does not produce further cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-215068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T16:52:36Z","timestamp":1638291156000},"page":"545-560","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Differential Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Is Predicted by Changes in Ventricular Size but Moderated by Apolipoprotein E and Pulse Pressure"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Shraddha","family":"Sapkota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Peggy","family":"McFall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"},{"name":"Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Masellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger A.","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"},{"name":"Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra E.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215068_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-018-0455-y","article-title":"Heterogeneity of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Consequence for drug trials?","volume":"10","author":"Devi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215068_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.01.009","article-title":"Heterogeneous patterns of brain atrophy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"65","author":"Poulakis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215068_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002251","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002251","article-title":"High degree of heterogeneity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease progression patterns","volume":"7","author":"Komarova","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215068_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission","volume":"396","author":"Livingston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215068_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200674","article-title":"Future directions for dementia risk reduction and prevention research: An International Research Network on Dementia Prevention consensus","volume":"78","author":"Anstey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215068_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0241707","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241707","article-title":"Quantifying cognitive resilience in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: The Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Cognitive Resilience Score","volume":"15","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215068_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz384","article-title":"A multiomics approach to heterogeneity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Focused review and roadmap","volume":"143","author":"Badhwar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215068_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2013.15.4\/hjahn","article-title":"Memory loss in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Jahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215068_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.3.383","article-title":"Attention and executive deficits in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. 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