{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:53:06Z","timestamp":1777395186791,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Physical activities (PA) have been suggested to reduce the risk of Alzheimer\u2018s disease (AD) dementia. However, information on the neuropathological links underlying the relationship is limited. Objective: We investigated the role of midlife and late-life PA with in vivo AD neuropathologies in old adults without dementia. Methods: This study included participants from the Korean Brain Aging Study for Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (KBASE). The participants underwent comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological assessment, [11C] Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography (PET), [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose PET, and magnetic resonance imaging. Using the multi-modal brain imaging data, in vivo AD pathologies including global amyloid deposition, AD-signature region cerebral glucose metabolism (AD-CM), and AD-signature region cortical thickness (AD-CT) were quantified. Both midlife and late-life PA of participants were measured using the Lifetime Total Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: This study was performed on 260 participants without dementia (195 with normal cognitive function and 65 with mild cognitive impairment). PA of neither midlife nor late-life showed direct correspondence with any neuroimaging biomarker. However, late-life PA moderated the relationship of brain amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) deposition with AD-CM and AD-CT. A\u03b2 positivity had a significant negative effect on both AD-CM and AD-CT in individuals with lower late-life PA, but those with higher late-life PA did not show such results. Midlife PA did not have such a moderation effect. Conclusion: The findings suggest that physically active lifestyle in late-life, rather than that in midlife, may delay AD-associated cognitive decline by decreasing A\u03b2-induced neurodegenerative changes in old adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-215258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T15:55:11Z","timestamp":1642521311000},"page":"441-450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Late-Life Physical Activities Moderate the Relationship of Amyloid-\u03b2 Pathology with Neurodegeneration in Individuals Without Dementia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Bo Kyung","family":"Sohn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the KBASE Research Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min Soo","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dahyun","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"So Yeon","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Min","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu Kyeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chul-Ho","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.3.498","article-title":"Physical activity and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly persons","volume":"58","author":"Laurin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70136-X","article-title":"Potential for primary prevention of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: An analysis of population-based data","volume":"13","author":"Norton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.08.008","article-title":"Leisure-time physical activity sustained since midlife and preservation of cognitive function: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study","volume":"15","author":"Palta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.107","article-title":"Physical activity and amyloid-beta plasma and brain levels: Results from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study of Ageing","volume":"18","author":"Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13530","article-title":"Physical activity and amyloid-beta brain levels in elderly adults with intact cognition and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"63","author":"de Souto Barreto","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001704","article-title":"Cognitive activity relates to cognitive performance but not to Alzheimer disease biomarkers","volume":"85","author":"Gidicsin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22096","article-title":"Exercise and Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers in cognitively normal older adults","volume":"68","author":"Liang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f88359","article-title":"Physical activity predicts gray matter volume in late adulthood: The Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"75","author":"Erickson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70291-0","article-title":"Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: An updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers","volume":"12","author":"Jack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70044-9","article-title":"Amyloid beta deposition, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline in sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A prospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Villemagne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.003","article-title":"Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Sperling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.1879","article-title":"Associations of physical activity and beta-amyloid with longitudinal cognition and neurodegeneration in clinically normal older adults","volume":"76","author":"Rabin","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.08.008","article-title":"Long-term treadmill exercise inhibits the progression of Alzhei-mer\u2019s disease-like neuropathology in the hippocampus of APP\/PS1 transgenic mice","volume":"256","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S139","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1296.182174","article-title":"Epicatechin plus treadmill exercise are neuroprotective against moderate-stage amyloid precursor protein\/presenilin 1 mice.","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacogn Mag"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2017.14.6.851","article-title":"Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Methodology and baseline sample characteristics","volume":"14","author":"Byun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.11.2412-a","article-title":"The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): Current version and scoring rules","volume":"43","author":"Morris","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.008","article-title":"The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Albert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617704101094","article-title":"A normative study of the CERAD neuropsychological assessment battery in the Korean elderly","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P47","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/57.1.P47","article-title":"Development of the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD-K): Clinical and neuropsychological assessment batteries.","volume":"57","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199802000-00015","article-title":"The lifetime total physical activity questionnaire: Development and reliability","volume":"30","author":"Friedenreich","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617715000880","article-title":"Association between lifetime physical activity and cognitive functioning in middle-aged and older community dwelling adults: Results from the Brain in Motion Study","volume":"21","author":"Gill","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31821ece12","article-title":"2011 Compendium of Physical Activities: A second update of codes and MET values","volume":"43","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000130531.90205.EF","article-title":"Memory impairment, but not cerebrovascular disease, predicts progression of MCI to dementia","volume":"63","author":"DeCarli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617705050459","article-title":"Early and late life cognitive activity and cognitive systems in old age","volume":"11","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000083989.44027.05","article-title":"Cognitive activity and cognitive decline in a biracial community population","volume":"61","author":"Wilson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92823-K","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E genotyping by one-stage PCR","volume":"337","author":"Wenham","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy347","article-title":"Plasma tau\/amyloid-beta1-42 ratio predicts brain tau deposition and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"142","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978","article-title":"Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain","volume":"15","author":"Tzourio-Mazoyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6820","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900345106","article-title":"Fibrillar amyloid-beta burden in cognitively normal people at 3 levels of genetic risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"106","author":"Reiman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70194-2","article-title":"Age-specific population frequencies of cerebral beta-amyloidosis and neurodegeneration among people with normal cognitive function aged 50-89 years: A cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Jack","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5553","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4409-12.2013","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease neurodegenerative biomarkers are associated with decreased cognitive function but not beta-amyloid in cognitively normal older individuals","volume":"33","author":"Wirth","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref32","first-page":"1512","article-title":"Associations between Alzheimer disease biomarkers, neurodegeneration, and cognition in cognitively normal older people","volume":"70","author":"Wirth","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.2748","article-title":"Association of lifetime cognitive engagement and low beta-amyloid deposition","volume":"69","author":"Landau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000964","article-title":"Physical activity attenuates age-related biomarker alterations in preclinical AD","volume":"83","author":"Okonkwo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23665","article-title":"Effect of lifestyle activities on Alzheimer disease biomarkers and cognition","volume":"72","author":"Vemuri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-181175","article-title":"Exercise training in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A one-year randomized controlled trial","volume":"71","author":"Tarumi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.030","article-title":"Effect of a 24-month physical activity program on brain changes in older adults at risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: The AIBL active trial","volume":"89","author":"Venkatraman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0244893","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244893","article-title":"Effect of aerobic exercise on amyloid accumulation in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s: A 1-year randomized controlled trial.","volume":"16","author":"Vidoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015950108","article-title":"Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory","volume":"108","author":"Erickson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.114","article-title":"Vascular hippocampal plasticity after aerobic exercise in older adults","volume":"20","author":"Maass","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093184","article-title":"Aerobic exercise increases hippocampal volume in older women with probable mild cognitive impairment: A 6-month randomised controlled trial","volume":"49","author":"ten Brinke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1605","article-title":"Physical activity and insulin sensitivity: The RISC study","volume":"57","author":"Balkau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9766","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09577-4","article-title":"Insulin resistance is associated with reductions in specific cognitive domains and increases in CSF tau in cognitively normal adults","volume":"7","author":"Laws","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.04.006","article-title":"Insulin resistance and gray matter volume in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"270","author":"Morris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.185","article-title":"Brain insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease: Concepts and conundrums","volume":"14","author":"Arnold","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2006.11.003","article-title":"High impact running improves learning","volume":"87","author":"Winter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6063","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909586107","article-title":"Locus ceruleus controls Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology by modulating microglial functions through norepinephrine.","volume":"107","author":"Heneka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.60","article-title":"Dopamine modulates cholinergic cortical excitability in Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients","volume":"34","author":"Martorana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8070691","article-title":"Physical exercise inhibits inflammation and microglial activation","volume":"8","author":"Mee-Inta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22350","article-title":"Microglia and neurodegeneration: The role of systemic inflammation","volume":"61","author":"Cunningham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180768","article-title":"Midlife physical activity, psychological distress, and dementia risk: The HUNT Study","volume":"66","author":"Zotcheva","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j2709","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2709","article-title":"Physical activity, cognitive decline, and risk of dementia: 28 year follow-up of Whitehall II cohort study.","volume":"357","author":"Sabia","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l1495","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1495","article-title":"Physical inactivity, cardiometabolic disease, and risk of dementia: An individual-participant meta-analysis.","volume":"365","author":"Kivimaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215258_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.04.018","article-title":"Impairment of episodic and semantic autobiographical memory in patients with mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"47","author":"Leyhe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JAD-215258","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:05:08Z","timestamp":1777370708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JAD-215258"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-215258","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]}}}