{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T16:28:17Z","timestamp":1784910497319,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Apathy is among the most frequent neuropsychiatric syndromes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). Objective: To determine the prevalence of apathy and the associated clinical and laboratorial parameters (focus on inflammatory biomarkers) in patients with dementia enrolled at the Texas Alzheimer\u2019s Research and Care Consortium (TARCC) study. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of TARCC baseline. Participants were evaluated through different clinical tools, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Life (IADL)\/Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS). Apathy was defined by a positive response to the respective item in the Neuropsychiatric Inventory\u2013Questionnaire applied to caregivers. Serum levels of 16 biomarkers were determined by HumanMap multiplex immunoassay. Comparisons between apathy versus non-apathy groups were carried out with non-parametric tests. Logistic regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to separately model apathy as a function of each biomarker, adjusted for the potential confounders. Results: From 1,319 patients with AD (M\/F: 579\/740, mean age\u200a\u00b1\u200aSD: 75.3\u200a\u00b1\u200a8.4), 373 (28.3%) exhibited apathy. When categorized according to the presence of apathy, the groups had significant differences in sex, diabetes diagnosis, and tobacco use. The apathy group also had worse cognitive performance and daily functioning than the non-apathy group as assessed, respectively, by MMSE and IADL\/PSMS. Higher levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and leptin were associated with higher odds of apathy. Conclusion: Apathy is associated with cognitive and functional status in AD. The association between apathy and peripheral inflammatory mediators deserves further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-215314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T12:18:25Z","timestamp":1642767505000},"page":"403-411","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Factors Associated with Apathy in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Texas Alzheimer\u2019s Research and Care Consortium (TARCC) Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Antonio L.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitham","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lais B.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitzi M.","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biggs Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudha","family":"Seshadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biggs Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Suchting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.3904","article-title":"Behavioral and psychological subsyndromes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory","volume":"28","author":"Canevelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1058-4","article-title":"Advances in management of neuropsychiatric syndromes in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"21","author":"Cummings","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64012-3.00002-2","article-title":"Behavioral and psychological symptoms in Alzheimer\u2019s dementia and vascular dementia","volume":"165","author":"Deardorff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.07.008","article-title":"Is it time to revise the diagnostic criteria for apathy in brain disorders? The 2018 international consensus group","volume":"54","author":"Robert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1858","article-title":"Point and 5-year period prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: The Cache County Study","volume":"23","author":"Steinberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.09.069","article-title":"The prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"190","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4464","article-title":"Patterns and persistence of behavioural and psychological symptoms in those with cognitive impairment: The importance of apathy","volume":"32","author":"van der Linde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.006","article-title":"The stability of neuropsychiatric subsyndromes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Connors","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3280","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010951","article-title":"Apathy and risk of probable incident dementia among community-dwelling older adults","volume":"95","author":"Bock","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6448","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83126-y","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric profiles and conversion to dementia in mild cognitive impairment, a latent class analysis","volume":"11","author":"Roberto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-020-09437-5","article-title":"Behavioral and psychological symptoms that predict cognitive decline or impairment in cognitively normal middle-aged or older adults: A meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Hudon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2020.07.011","article-title":"The role of neuropsychiatric symptoms in research diagnostic criteria for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"29","author":"Cummings","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref13","first-page":"238","article-title":"[Apathy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease]","volume":"28","author":"Teixeira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Braz J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15007","article-title":"Apathy: Risk factor for mortality in nursing home patients","volume":"65","author":"Nijsten","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2017.12.007","article-title":"Apathy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Nobis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Behav Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2019.07.014","article-title":"Recommendations for the nonpharmacological treatment of apathy in brain disorders","volume":"28","author":"Manera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2021.06.016"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0029-9","article-title":"Neuroscience of apathy and anhedonia: A transdiagnostic approach","volume":"19","author":"Husain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610213001725","article-title":"A review of neuroimaging findings of apathy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"Theleritis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1159\/000090674","article-title":"Neuropathologic correlates of apathy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Marshall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2379","article-title":"Apathy is a prominent neuropsychiatric feature of radiological white-matter changes in patients with dementia","volume":"25","author":"Jonsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150017","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric symptoms and functional connectivity in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"46","author":"Munro","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2019.04.008","article-title":"Altered frontal and insular functional connectivity as pivotal mechanisms for apathy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"119","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1159\/000361043","article-title":"Total cholesterol and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: The impact of total cholesterol level and gender","volume":"38","author":"Hall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-122359","article-title":"Biomarkers of vascular risk, systemic inflammation, and microvascular pathology and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"35","author":"Hall","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610214002683","article-title":"Low-grade inflammation differentiates between symptoms of apathy and depression in community-dwelling older individuals","volume":"27","author":"Eurelings","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20081905","article-title":"Low-grade inflammation is associated with apathy indirectly via deep white matter lesions in community-dwelling older adults: The Sefuri Study","volume":"20","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref28","first-page":"9","article-title":"The Texas Alzheimer\u2019s Research Consortium longitudinal research cohort: Study design and baseline characteristics","volume":"60","author":"Waring","year":"2008","journal-title":"Texas Public Health J"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.215","article-title":"A serum protein-based algorithm for the detection of Alzheimer disease","volume":"67","author":"O\u2019Bryant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"34","author":"McKhann","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/9.3_Part_1.179","article-title":"Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living","volume":"9","author":"Lawton","year":"1969","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.65.8.1091","article-title":"Staging dementia using Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes scores: A Texas Alzheimer\u2019s research consortium study","volume":"65","author":"O\u2019Bryant","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(82)90033-4","article-title":"Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report","volume":"17","author":"Yesavage","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.12.2308","article-title":"The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia","volume":"44","author":"Cummings","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.12.2.233","article-title":"Validation of the NPI-Q, a brief clinical form of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory","volume":"12","author":"Kaufer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1159\/000255051","article-title":"Increased serum IL-1beta level in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"28","author":"Forlenza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-100921","article-title":"Higher serum sTNFR1 level predicts conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Diniz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-316201","article-title":"Peripheral inflammatory markers in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 175 studies","volume":"88","author":"Lai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12403","article-title":"Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1296","article-title":"Subgroup analysis, covariate adjustment and baseline comparisons in clinical trial reporting: Current practice and problems","volume":"21","author":"Pocock","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x","article-title":"Regression shrinkage and selection via the Lasso","volume":"58","author":"Tibshirani","year":"1996","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2015.1108848","article-title":"Exact post-selection inference for sequential regression procedures","volume":"111","author":"Tibshirani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00269-y","article-title":"Alzheimer disease","volume":"7","author":"Knopman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.07.019","article-title":"All-or-nothing type biphasic cytokine production of human lymphocytes after exposure to Alzheimer\u2019s beta-amyloid peptide","volume":"64","author":"Teixeira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2016.05.001","article-title":"The roles of inflammation and immune mechanisms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"2","author":"Van Eldik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (N Y)"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa405","article-title":"Depression, dementia and immune dysregulation","volume":"144","author":"Hayley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.03.007","article-title":"Inflammatory biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s disease plasma","volume":"15","author":"Morgan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01349-z","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 signaling links cognitive impairments and peripheral metabolic alterations in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Lyra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1590\/S1980-57642013DN70300011","article-title":"Serum levels of soluble TNF-alpha receptors but not BDNF are associated with apathy symptoms in mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment","volume":"7","author":"Guimaraes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dement Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5771","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.9.5771","article-title":"IL-10: The master regulator of immunity to infection","volume":"180","author":"Couper","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1159\/000474940","article-title":"Serum interleukin-10 levels correlate with cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta deposition in Alzheimer disease patients","volume":"17","author":"D\u2019Anna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-015-0282-7","article-title":"Leptin dysfunction and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Evidence from cellular, animal, and human studies","volume":"36","author":"McGuire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.2174\/157339508784325046","article-title":"Leptin and inflammation","volume":"4","author":"Iikuni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30405-X","article-title":"Cerebral microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes: Stroke, cognitive dysfunction, and depression","volume":"8","author":"van Sloten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(91)90040-V","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Apathy Evaluation Scale","volume":"38","author":"Marin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.06.010","article-title":"Developing a new apathy measurement scale: Dimensional Apathy Scale","volume":"219","author":"Radakovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6319826","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6319826","article-title":"Revisiting apathy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: From conceptualization to therapeutic approaches","volume":"2021","author":"Teixeira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2018.09.008","article-title":"From stress to anhedonia: Molecular processes through functional circuits","volume":"42","author":"Stanton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628192","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/628192","article-title":"Insights into neuroinflammation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: From biomarkers to anti-inflammatory based therapies","volume":"2015","author":"Rocha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.215245","article-title":"Promises and pitfalls of immune-based strategies for Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Colpo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-215314_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2018.1407242","article-title":"Immune-based strategies for mood disorders: Facts and challenges","volume":"18","author":"Colpo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JAD-215314","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:05:09Z","timestamp":1777370709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JAD-215314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-215314","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]}}}