{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T03:29:49Z","timestamp":1783999789536,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is a neurological disease that has both a genetic and non-genetic origin. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical component in the pathogenesis of AD as deficits in oxidative capacity and energy production have been reported. Objective: Nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes were studied in order to understand the effects of mitochondrial expression changes on mitochondrial function in AD brains. These expression data were to be incorporated into a testable mathematical model for AD used to further assess the genes of interest as therapeutic targets for AD. Methods: RT2-PCR arrays were used to assess expression of 84 genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis in AD brains. A subset of mitochondrial genes of interest was identified after extensive Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) (Qiagen). Further filtering of this subset of genes of interest was achieved by individual qPCR analyses. Expression values from this group of genes were included in a mathematical model being developed to identify potential therapeutic targets. Results: Nine genes involved in trafficking proteins to mitochondria, morphology of mitochondria, maintenance of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, fragmentation of mitochondria and mitochondrial dysfunction, amyloidosis, and neuronal cell death were identified as significant to the changes seen. These genes include TP53, SOD2, CDKN2A, MFN2, DNM1L, OPA1, FIS1, BNIP3, and GAPDH. Conclusion: Altered mitochondrial gene expression indicates that a subset of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes compromise multiple aspects of mitochondrial function in AD brains. A new mathematical modeling system may provide further insights into potential therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-220161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T11:51:29Z","timestamp":1662465089000},"page":"119-137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Expression Changes in Mitochondrial Genes Affecting Mitochondrial Morphology, Transmembrane Potential, Fragmentation, Amyloidosis, and Neuronal Cell Death Found in Brains of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Frank J.","family":"Castora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Kerns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haley K.","family":"Pflanzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi L.","family":"Hitefield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blake","family":"Gershon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Shugoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan","family":"Shelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Integrated Science Center, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randolph A.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Integrated Science Center, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref1","first-page":"700","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures","volume":"18","author":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/349704a0","article-title":"Segregation of a missense mutation in the amyloid precursor protein gene with familial Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"349","author":"Goate","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8191290","article-title":"An increased percentage of long amyloid \u03b2-protein secreted by familial amyloid \u03b2-protein precursor (\u03b2-APP717) mutants","volume":"264","author":"Suzuki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.12.2087","article-title":"A new pathogenic mutation in the APP gene (I716V) increases the relative proportion of A\u03b242(43)","volume":"6","author":"Eckman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.6.885","article-title":"Early-onset Alzheimer disease caused by a new mutation (V717L) in the amyloid precursor protein gene","volume":"57","author":"Murrel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabc6184","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abc6184","article-title":"The deletion causes early onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer\u2019s disease by altering APP processing and increasing amyloid \u03b2 fibril formation","volume":"13","author":"Pagnon de la Vega","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1038\/375754a0","article-title":"Cloning of a gene bearing missense mutations in early-onset familial Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"375","author":"Sherrington","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0019-5","article-title":"Clinical phenotypic heterogeneity of Alzheimer\u2019s disease associated with mutations of the presenilin-1 gene","volume":"253","author":"Larner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7638622","article-title":"Candidate gene for the chromosome 1 familial Alzheimer\u2019 disease locus","volume":"269","author":"Levy-Lahad","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/376775a0","article-title":"Familial Alzheimer\u2019s disease in kindreds with missense mutations in a gene on chromosome 1 related to the Alzheimer\u2019s disease Type 3 gene","volume":"376","author":"Rogaev","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8346443","article-title":"Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in late onset families","volume":"261","author":"Corder","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.1.149","article-title":"Accelerated decline in apolipoprotein E-epsilon4 homozygotes with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"51","author":"Craft","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s40336-013-0026-y","article-title":"Glucose metabolism in normal aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Methodological and physiological considerations for PET studies","volume":"1","author":"Mosconi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Transl Imaging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.8.1302","article-title":"Cytochrome oxidase deficiency in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"40","author":"Parker","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2016.12.017","article-title":"Mitochondria, cybrids, aging, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"146","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3931","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt247","article-title":"Bioenergetic flux, mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial morphology dynamics in AD and MCI cybrid cell lines","volume":"22","author":"Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2003.12.045","article-title":"A \u201cmitochondrial cascade hypothesis\u201d for sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"63","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.01.011","article-title":"The Alzheimer\u2019s disease mitochondrial cascade hypothesis: An update","volume":"218","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2013.09.010","article-title":"The Alzheimer\u2019s disease mitochondrial cascade hypothesis: Progress and perspectives","volume":"1842","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1385\/NMM:5:2:147","article-title":"Differential expression of oxidative phosphorylation genes in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Implications for early mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage","volume":"5","author":"Manczak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuromol Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02884.x","article-title":"Time-course of mitochondrial gene expressions in mice brains: Implications for mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, and cytochrome c in aging","volume":"92","author":"Manczak","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh140","article-title":"Gene expression profiles of transcripts in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice: Upregulation of mitochondrial metabolism and apoptotic genes is an early cellular change in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Reddy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5131","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/dds360","article-title":"Abnormal interaction of VDAC1 with amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau causes mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Manczak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2744(76)90028-0","article-title":"High activity of alpha-glycerophosphate oxidation by human placental mitochondria","volume":"429","author":"Swierczy\u0144ski","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(80)90354-X","article-title":"Cloning of human mitochondrial DNA in Escherichia coli","volume":"140","author":"Drouin","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200500420","article-title":"Mutations in mitochondrial-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits I, II, and III genes detected in Alzheimer\u2019s disease using single-strand conformation polymorphism","volume":"27","author":"Hamblet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190176","article-title":"The T9861C mutation in the mtDNA-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit III gene occurs in high frequency but with unequal distribution in the AD brain","volume":"72","author":"Castora","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT\u2013PCR","volume":"29","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucl Acids Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-\u0394\u0394C(T)) method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.06.850","article-title":"Building a testable mathematical model for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease using gene expression changes and biochemical systems theory (BST)","volume":"12","author":"Coleman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref31","first-page":"P366","article-title":"A mathematical model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease simulates different gene therapy treatments and their effects on mitochondrial activity","volume":"13","author":"Coleman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.046371","article-title":"Modeling the effects of respirasome supercomplex formation on AD progression by incorporation of mitochondrial gene expression data","volume":"16","author":"Shelton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220163","article-title":"Incorporating mitochondrial gene expression changes within a testable mathematical model for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Stress response modulation predicts potential therapeutic targets","volume":"90","author":"Shelton","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9235","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S266473","article-title":"Exploration of the potential biomarkers of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) based on RT2 profiler PCR arrays and bioinformatics analysis","volume":"12","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Manage Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.03.026","article-title":"p53 is upregulated in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and induces tau phosphorylation in HEK293a cells","volume":"418","author":"Hooper","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9090","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1357-09.2009","article-title":"Impaired balance of mitochondrial fission and fusion in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072994","article-title":"The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Progress and problems on the road to therapeutics","volume":"297","author":"Hardy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2007-12410","article-title":"Earliest stages of tau conformational changes are related to the appearance of a sequence of specific phospho-dependent tau epitopes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Luna-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-110473","article-title":"Clusterin mRNA and protein in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"28","author":"Baig","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4623","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e05-01-0033","article-title":"Evolutionarily conserved and nonconserved cellular localizations and functions of human SIRT proteins","volume":"16","author":"Michishita","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13653","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.222538099","article-title":"SIRT3, a human SIR2 homologue, is an NAD-dependent deacetylase localized to mitochondria","volume":"99","author":"Onyango","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2008.07.048","article-title":"Substrates and regulation mechanisms for the human mitochondrial sirtuins Sirt3 and Sirt5","volume":"382","author":"Schlicker","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.310933","article-title":"Sirt3 impairment and SOD2 hyperacetylation in vascular oxidative stress and hypertension","volume":"121","author":"Dikalova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.10.033","article-title":"SIRT5 desuccinylates and activates SOD1 to eliminate ROS","volume":"441","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0193921","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193921","article-title":"The dynamic shuttling of SIRT1 between cytoplasm and nuclei in bronchial epithelial cells by single and repeated cigarette smoke exposure","volume":"13","author":"Yanagisawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.06.020","article-title":"SIRT1 suppresses beta-amyloid production by activating the alpha-secretase gene ADAM10","volume":"23","author":"Donmez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.15.1.269","article-title":"Biochemical pathways of caspase activation during apoptosis","volume":"15","author":"Budihardjo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660095","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.660095","article-title":"Mitochondrial fission protein 1: Emerging roles in organellar form and function in health and disease","volume":"12","author":"Ihenacho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-017-0023-6","article-title":"Mitofusin 2: From functions to disease","volume":"9","author":"Filadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4815","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26680","article-title":"The role of Cdk5-mediated Drp1 phosphorylation in A1-42 induced mitochondrial fission and neuronal apoptosis","volume":"119","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626117","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.626117","article-title":"Mitochondrial OMA1 and OPA1 as gatekeepers of organellar structure\/function and cellular stress response","volume":"9","author":"Gilkerson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Develop Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s43042-020-00089-x","article-title":"Exploring the multiple roles of guardian of the genome: P53","volume":"21","author":"Feroz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Egypt J Med Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00046-7","article-title":"Cell death: Critical control points","volume":"116","author":"Danial","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-014-1454-4","article-title":"Apoptosis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: An understanding of the physiology, pathology and therapeutic avenues","volume":"39","author":"Obulesu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S114","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.49","article-title":"BNIP3 subfamily BH3-only proteins: Mitochondrial stress sensors in normal and pathological functions","volume":"27","author":"Chinnadurai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref56","first-page":"3197","article-title":"Expression and phosphorylation of FOXO1 influences cell proliferation and apoptosis in the gastrointestinal stromal tumor cell line","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.039","article-title":"FoxO proteins\u2019 nuclear retention and BH3-only protein Bim induction evoke mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated apoptosis in berberine-treated HepG2 cells","volume":"76","author":"Shukla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Rad Biol Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2007.00308.x","article-title":"A polymorphism in SOD2 is associated with development of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"6","author":"Wiener","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-01819-y","article-title":"Alterations of transcription of genes coding anti-oxidative and mitochondria-related proteins in amyloid \u03b2 toxicity: Relevance to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"57","author":"Cie\u015blik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13576","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902714106","article-title":"Overexpression of SOD-2 reduces hippocampal superoxide and prevents memory deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"106","author":"Massaad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5320","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-0259","article-title":"The cell-cycle regulator CDK4: An emerging therapeutic target in melanoma","volume":"19","author":"Sheppard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2012.08178.x","article-title":"Altered cell cycle-related gene expression in brain and lymphocytes from a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease [amyloid precursor protein\/presenilin 1 (PS1)]","volume":"36","author":"Esteras","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19065-0_23","article-title":"Cell cycle deregulation in the neurons of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"53","author":"Moh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Results Probl Cell Differ"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.001917","article-title":"Regulation of PGC-1\u03b1, a nodal regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis","volume":"93","author":"Fernandez-Marcos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3039","article-title":"PGC-1\u03b1 mediates mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation to promote metastasis","volume":"16","author":"LeBleu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/35093131","article-title":"CREB regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis through the coactivator PGC-1","volume":"413","author":"Herzig","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80611-X","article-title":"Mechanisms controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration through the thermogenic coactivator PGC-1","volume":"98","author":"Wu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-015-0200-8","article-title":"PGC-1\u03b1 activity in nigral dopamine neurons determines vulnerability to \u03b1-synuclein","volume":"3","author":"Ciron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref69","first-page":"S253","article-title":"Abnormal mitochondrial dynamics in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"33","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400488","article-title":"Separate fusion of outer and inner mitochondrial membranes","volume":"6","author":"Malka","year":"2005","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3525","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e09-03-0252","article-title":"Mitofusins and OPA1 mediate sequential steps in mitochondrial membrane fusion","volume":"20","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e12-10-0721","article-title":"Fis1, Mff, MiD49, and MiD51 mediate Drp1 recruitment in mitochondrial fission","volume":"24","author":"Los\u00f3n","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99748","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201899748","article-title":"Human Fis1 regulates mitochondrial dynamics through inhibition of the fusion machinery","volume":"38","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30767","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030767","article-title":"BNIP3 and NIX mediate Mieap-induced accumulation of lysosomal proteins within mitochondria","volume":"7","author":"Nakamura","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220161_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160387","article-title":"Dysregulation of autophagy, mitophagy, and apoptotic genes in the medial temporal lobe cortex in an ischemic model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"54","author":"U\u0142amek-Kozio\u0142","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JAD-220161","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:07:25Z","timestamp":1777370845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JAD-220161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-220161","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]}}}