{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:04:25Z","timestamp":1777395865492,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: People with a migration background are underrepresented in dementia research and disfavored in assessment and treatment, and many foreign-born individuals with dementia remain undiagnosed. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether there is inequality in the clinical assessment of dementia between native and foreign-born individuals in Sweden. Methods: Information was gathered retrospectively from a cohort of 91 native and 36 foreign-born patients attending four memory clinics in Sk\u00e5ne, Sweden. Data included information on cognitive test results, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, scores at structural imaging scales of global cortical atrophy (GCA), medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) and the Fazekas scale, laboratory measures of thyroid-stimulating hormone, calcium, albumin, homocysteine, hemoglobin, cobalamin (vitamin B12), and folate (vitamin B9), contact with health care, and treatment. Results: Foreign-born patients had lower educational level and scored lower on Mini-Mental State Examination and Clock Drawing Test (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001\u20130.011). Relatives initiated contact with health care to a higher extent in the foreign-born group (p\u200a=\u200a0.031). Foreign-born patients had less white matter lesions (p\u200a=\u200a0.018). Additionally, Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) biomarkers were significantly less used in foreign-born patients to support an AD diagnosis (p\u200a=\u200a0.001). No significant differences were found for scores on GCA and MTA, laboratory measures, or initiated treatment. Conclusion: Although native and foreign-born patients were predominantly homogenous regarding examined variables, differences in the diagnostic process and underlying biological correlates of dementia exist and need to be further investigated in a larger sample.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-220177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T11:58:51Z","timestamp":1661860731000},"page":"1403-1412","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Retrospective Study on Clinical Assessment of Cognitive Impairment in a Swedish Cohort: Is There Inequality Between Natives and Foreign-Born?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Ebba","family":"Nyholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rozita","family":"Torkpoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Memory Clinic, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Fr\u00f6lich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Londos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Cicognola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Memory Clinic, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220177_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180375","article-title":"Secular trends in dementia prevalence and incidence worldwide: A systematic review","volume":"66","author":"Stephan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220177_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67889-0","article-title":"Global prevalence of dementia: A Delphi consensus study","volume":"366","author":"Ferri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220177_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(200001)15:1<14::AID-GPS70>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Dementia in developing countries. 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