{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:50:29Z","timestamp":1790805029591,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The olfactory system is affected early in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and olfactory loss can already be observed in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Olfactory training is effective for improving olfactory and cognitive function by stimulating the olfactory pathway, but its effect on patients with MCI remains unclear. Objective: The aim of this randomized, prospective, controlled, blinded study was to assess whether a 4-month period of olfactory training (frequent short-term sniffing various odors) may have an effect on olfactory function, cognitive function, and morphology of medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions and olfactory bulb in MCI patients. Methods: A total of thirty-seven MCI patients were randomly assigned to the training group or a placebo group, which were performed twice a day for 4 months. Olfactory assessments, cognitive tests and magnetic resonance imaging were performed at the baseline and follow-up period. Results: After the training, there was an increase in odor discrimination, and increased cortical thickness of bilateral hippocampus (CA23DG and CA1) and mean MTL. Additionally, the change of olfactory score was positively associated with change of volume of olfactory bulb and hippocampus; the change of global cognition was positively associated with change of cortical thickness of hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and mean MTL; the change of cortical thickness of entorhinal cortex was positively associated with change of executive function. Conclusion: Olfactory training was associated with an increase in cortical thickness of the hippocampus but not olfactory bulb volume in patients with MCI. Olfactory training may serve as an early intervention of preventing hippocampal atrophy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-220248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T12:40:10Z","timestamp":1654605610000},"page":"743-755","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Training with Odors Impacts Hippocampal Thickness in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Antje","family":"Haehner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Geriatric Neuroscience, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China"},{"name":"Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Espin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Haussmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Matthes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitriy","family":"Desser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenz","family":"Loessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moritz D.","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Donix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0097-5","article-title":"Olfactory and other sensory impairments in Alzheimer disease","volume":"15","author":"Murphy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.2952","article-title":"Association between olfactory dysfunction and amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease dementia","volume":"73","author":"Roberts","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.01.014","article-title":"Olfactory identification in amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment and its neuropsychological correlates","volume":"349","author":"Vyhnalek","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201168","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction is already present with subjective cognitive decline and deepens with disease severity in the Alzheimer\u2019s disease spectrum","volume":"79","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/act032","article-title":"Odor identification deficit predicts clinical conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"28","author":"Conti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24960","article-title":"Neuroimaging biomarkers and impaired olfaction in cognitively normal individuals","volume":"81","author":"Vassilaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1080\/13803391003683070","article-title":"Cognitive factors in odor detection, odor discrimination, and odor identification tasks","volume":"32","author":"Hedner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyy016","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and structural abnormalities in late life depression with olfactory identification impairment: An Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like pattern","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyab091","article-title":"Structural and functional abnormalities of olfactory-related regions in subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.06.020","article-title":"Combining early markers strongly predicts conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"64","author":"Devanand","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.12.026","article-title":"Olfaction as a marker for depression in humans","volume":"160","author":"Croy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01291-0","article-title":"The additive effect of late-life depression and olfactory dysfunction on the risk of dementia was mediated by hypersynchronization of the hippocampus\/fusiform gyrus","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20101","article-title":"Effects of olfactory training in patients with olfactory loss","volume":"119","author":"Hummel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino16.195","article-title":"Effects of olfactory training: A meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Sorokowska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f11d85","article-title":"Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment is higher in men. The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging","volume":"75","author":"Petersen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61680","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061680","article-title":"Olfactory training in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Haehner","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4725","article-title":"Olfactory training with older people","volume":"33","author":"Birte-Antina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.134.6.621","article-title":"Correlation of olfactory function with changes in the volume of the human olfactory bulb","volume":"134","author":"Haehner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref19","first-page":"410","article-title":"The effect of olfactory training on olfactory bulb volumes in patients with idiopathic olfactory loss","volume":"58","author":"Mahmut","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs230","article-title":"Orbitofrontal cortex and olfactory bulb volume predict distinct aspects of olfactory performance in healthy subjects","volume":"23","author":"Seubert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.05.004","article-title":"Correlation between olfactory bulb volume and olfactory function","volume":"42","author":"Buschh\u00fcter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity","volume":"256","author":"Petersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/22.1.39","article-title":"\u2018Sniffin\u2019 sticks\u2019: Olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination and olfactory threshold","volume":"22","author":"Hummel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2007.08.005","article-title":"Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (CERAD): The first twenty years","volume":"4","author":"Fillenbaum","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(197810)34:4<816::AID-JCLP2270340402>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Wechsler Memory Scale: A selective review of the literature","volume":"34","author":"Prigatano","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(197204)28:2<167::AID-JCLP2270280212>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"The Trail Making Test in neuropsychological diagnosis","volume":"28","author":"Gordon","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref28","unstructured":"Kaplan E , Goodglass H , Weintraub S , Segal O (1983) The Boston naming test. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia."},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4943(89)90021-6","article-title":"Gerontopsychological studies using NAI (\u2019Nurnberger Alters-Inventar\u2019) on patients with organic psychosyndrome (DSM III, Category 1) treated with centrophenoxine in a double blind, comparative, randomized clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"P\u00e9k","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10624.x","article-title":"Olfactory bulb and tract and temporal lobe volumes. Normative data across decades","volume":"855","author":"Yousem","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(97)80027-X","article-title":"Reproducibility and reliability of volumetric measurements of olfactory eloquent structures","volume":"4","author":"Yousem","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09111575","article-title":"Family history of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and hippocampal structure in healthy people","volume":"167","author":"Donix","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0561","article-title":"Application of cortical unfolding techniques to functional MRI of the human hippocampal region","volume":"11","author":"Zeineh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077775","article-title":"Dynamics of the hippocampus during encoding and retrieval of face-name pairs","volume":"299","author":"Zeineh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amaral DG , Insausti R (1990) Hippocampal formation. The Human Nervous System, Paxinos G, ed. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 711\u2013755.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-547625-6.50026-X"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2000.197305133.x","article-title":"The human hippocampus. Functional anatomy, vascularization and serial sections with MRI","volume":"197","author":"Shorvon","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.05.012","article-title":"Pattern separation: A common function for new neurons in hippocampus and olfactory bulb","volume":"70","author":"Sahay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4517","article-title":"A distinct entorhinal cortex to hippocampal CA1 direct circuit for olfactory associative learning","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa406","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of synaptic organization in the hippocampal CA1 field in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"144","author":"Montero-Crespo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.01.002","article-title":"Brain atrophy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and aging","volume":"30","author":"Pini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.02.024","article-title":"Modulation of human memory by deep brain stimulation of the entorhinal-hippocampal circuitry","volume":"106","author":"Mankin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00028","DOI":"10.1042\/AN20090055","article-title":"Olfactory discrimination training up-regulates and reorganizes expression of microRNAs in adult mouse hippocampus","volume":"2","author":"Smalheiser","year":"2010","journal-title":"ASN Neuro"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2011.08.014","article-title":"Mitochondrial small RNAs that are up-regulated in hippocampus during olfactory discrimination training in mice","volume":"11","author":"Cook","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.2123811","article-title":"Endogenous siRNAs and noncoding RNA-derived small RNAs are expressed in adult mouse hippocampus and are up-regulated in olfactory discrimination training","volume":"17","author":"Smalheiser","year":"2011","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22320","article-title":"The neuroplastic effect of olfactory training to the recovery of olfactory system in mouse model","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892419885036","article-title":"Olfactory Ensheathing cells mediate neuroplastic mechanisms after olfactory training in mouse model","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-07-02679.2002","article-title":"Enriched odor exposure increases the number of newborn neurons in the adult olfactory bulb and improves odor memory","volume":"22","author":"Rochefort","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2018.27.2.94","article-title":"Odor enrichment increases hippocampal neuron numbers in mouse","volume":"27","author":"Ruszn\u00e1k","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2019.05.003","article-title":"Human hippocampal neurogenesis persists in aged adults and Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients","volume":"24","author":"Tobin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0375-9","article-title":"Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is abundant in neurologically healthy subjects and drops sharply in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"25","author":"Moreno-Jimenez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.03.030","article-title":"The age of olfactory bulb neurons in humans","volume":"74","author":"Bergmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.01.006","article-title":"Exercise and hippocampal memory systems","volume":"23","author":"Voss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12530"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00200.2019","article-title":"The rhythm of memory: How breathing shapes memory function","volume":"122","author":"Heck","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.01.008","article-title":"Smell training improves olfactory function and alters brain structure","volume":"189","author":"Al A\u00efn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2014.02.012","article-title":"Entorhinal cortex and consolidated memory","volume":"84","author":"Takehara-Nishiuchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200529","article-title":"Tau acetylation in entorhinal cortex induces its chronic hippocampal propagation and cognitive deficits in mice","volume":"77","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-016-9567-9","article-title":"Changes in olfactory bulb volume following lateralized olfactory training","volume":"11","author":"Negoias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11081010","article-title":"Volumetry of olfactory structures in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A systematic review and a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Jobin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220248_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e118","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2012.43","article-title":"Olfactory discrimination predicts cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults","volume":"2","author":"Sohrabi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JAD-220248","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:06:16Z","timestamp":1777370776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JAD-220248"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-220248","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]}}}