{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:12:45Z","timestamp":1790089965599,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) syndromes, mimics, phenocopy (phFTD), and slowly progressive behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) can be difficult to distinguish clinically. Biomarkers such as neurofilament light chain (NfL) may be helpful. Objective: To study plasma NfL levels in people with FTD syndromes and determine if plasma NfL can distinguish between FTD syndromes and phFTD. Methods: Plasma NfL levels were estimated using both Simoa\u00ae Quanterix HD-X\u2122 and SR-X\u2122 machines grouped via final diagnosis after investigation and review. Results: Fifty participants were studied: bvFTD\u200a=\u200a20, semantic variant FTD (svFTD)\u200a=\u200a11, non-fluent variant FTD (nfvFTD)\u200a=\u200a9, FTD with motor neuron disease (MND)\u200a=\u200a4, phFTD\u200a=\u200a2, slow progressors\u200a=\u200a3, FTD mimic\u200a=\u200a1, mean age 67.2 (SD 8.4) years. NfL levels were significantly higher in the FTD group compared to phenocopy group (p\u200a=\u200a0.003). Median NfL (IQR) pg\/mL was comparable in the FTD syndromes: bvFTD 41.10 (50.72), svFTD 44.38 (16.61), and nfvFTD 42.61 (22.93), highest in FTD with MND 79.67 (45.32) and lowest in both phFTD 13.99 (0.79) and slow progressors 17.97 (3.62). Conclusion: Plasma NfL appears to differentiate FTD syndromes and mimics. However, a lower NfL may predict a slower, but not necessarily absence of neurodegeneration, and therefore appears limited in distinguishing slow progressors from FTD phenocopies. Larger numbers of patients from all clinical groups are required to strengthen diagnostic utility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-220272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T13:27:27Z","timestamp":1660915647000},"page":"1221-1231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain and Clinical Diagnosis in Frontotemporal Dementia Syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Suyi","family":"Ooi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Cognitive Disorders Clinic, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Eastern Clinical Research Unit, Eastern Health Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Royal Melbourne Hospital, Department of Neurology, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila K.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhamidhu","family":"Eratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Neuropsychiatry and Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Kyndt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Cognitive Disorders Clinic, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Eastern Clinical Research Unit, Eastern Health Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Royal Melbourne Hospital, Department of Neurology, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Reidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Cognitive Disorders Clinic, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Cognitive Disorders Clinic, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Neuropsychiatry and Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah C.M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Clinical Research Unit, Eastern Health Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Calvary Health Care Bethlehem, Parkdale, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Darby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Cognitive Disorders Clinic, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Eastern Clinical Research Unit, Eastern Health Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Royal Melbourne Hospital, Department of Neurology, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Alfred Health, Department of Neurology, Prahran, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Brodtmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Cognitive Disorders Clinic, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Eastern Clinical Research Unit, Eastern Health Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Royal Melbourne Hospital, Department of Neurology, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-320106","article-title":"Neurofilament light chain as a biomarker in neurological disorders","volume":"90","author":"Gaetani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610217000862","article-title":"Family members\u2019 experience of the pre-diagnostic phase of dementia: A synthesis of qualitative evidence","volume":"29","author":"Rogers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00461-4","article-title":"Frontotemporal dementia","volume":"386","author":"Bang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70299-4","article-title":"Behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia: Diagnosis, clinical staging, and management","volume":"10","author":"Piguet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00737-6","article-title":"The frontotemporal dementia-motor neuron disease continuum","volume":"388","author":"Burrell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref7","first-page":"61","article-title":"The differential diagnosis and treatment of atypical parkinsonism","volume":"113","author":"Levin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlz141","article-title":"Primary tau pathology, not copathology, correlates with clinical symptoms in PSP and CBD","volume":"79","author":"Robinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref9","first-page":"S211","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease and the frontotemporal dementias: Contributions to clinico-pathological studies, diagnosis, and cognitive neuroscience","volume":"33","author":"Hodges","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-019-0483-2","article-title":"Phenocopy syndrome of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Valente","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c1dee7","article-title":"Determinants of survival in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia","volume":"73","author":"Garcin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref12","first-page":"64","article-title":"Psychiatric diagnoses underlying the phenocopy syndrome of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia","volume":"87","author":"Gossink","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-018-1060-1","article-title":"The behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia phenocopy syndrome is a distinct entity - evidence from a longitudinal study","volume":"18","author":"Devenney","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bcr2012008077","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-008077","article-title":"Phenocopy or variant: A longitudinal study of very slowly progressive frontotemporal dementia","volume":"2013","author":"Brodtmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-301883","article-title":"Atypical, slowly progressive behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia associated with C9ORF72 hexanucleotide expansion","volume":"83","author":"Khan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.6002","article-title":"Frontotemporal dementia associated with the C9ORF72 mutation: A unique clinical profile","volume":"71","author":"Devenney","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2015-1195","article-title":"Comparison of three analytical platforms for quantification of the neurofilament light chain in blood samples: ELISA, electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and Simoa","volume":"54","author":"Kuhle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-323487","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum NfL and p-Tau 181 in frontotemporal lobar degeneration","volume":"91","author":"Benussi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.325","article-title":"Neurofilament light chain: A biomarker for genetic frontotemporal dementia","volume":"3","author":"Meeter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30354-0","article-title":"Serum neurofilament light chain in genetic frontotemporal dementia: A longitudinal, multicentre cohort study","volume":"18","author":"van der Ende","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1390","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006318","article-title":"Serum neurofilament light chain in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia","volume":"91","author":"Steinacker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003154","article-title":"Serum neurofilament light chain protein is a measure of disease intensity in frontotemporal dementia","volume":"87","author":"Rohrer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-312972","article-title":"Neurofilament light chain in FTD is elevated not only in cerebrospinal fluid, but also in serum","volume":"87","author":"Wilke","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2019.08.009","article-title":"The diagnostic performance of neurofilament light chain in CSF and blood for Alzheimer\u2019s disease, frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Forgrave","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09567-8","article-title":"Serum neurofilament light chain is a discriminative biomarker between frontotemporal lobar degeneration and primary psychiatric disorders","volume":"267","author":"Katisko","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15058","article-title":"Serum neurofilament light chain as a surrogate of cognitive decline in sporadic and familial frontotemporal dementia","volume":"29","author":"Silva-Sp\u00ednola","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26265","article-title":"Stratifying the presymptomatic phase of genetic frontotemporal dementia by serum NfL and pNfH: A longitudinal multicentre study","volume":"91","author":"Wilke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21388","article-title":"Alzheimer and frontotemporal pathology in subsets of primary progressive aphasia","volume":"63","author":"Mesulam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1681041","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease including focal presentations","volume":"39","author":"Villain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24885","article-title":"Typical and atypical pathology in primary progressive aphasia variants","volume":"81","author":"Spinelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318704","article-title":"Neurofilament light chain in serum for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"90","author":"Verde","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2013.763341","article-title":"Clinical diagnostic criteria and classification controversies in frontotemporal lobar degeneration","volume":"25","author":"Rascovsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821103e6","article-title":"Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants","volume":"76","author":"Gorno-Tempini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e3283404309","article-title":"Nonprogressive behavioural frontotemporal dementia: Recent developments and clinical implications of the \u2018bvFTD phenocopy syndrome\u2019","volume":"23","author":"Kipps","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.06.004","article-title":"Parkinsonian syndrome in familial frontotemporal dementia","volume":"20","author":"Siuda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.14","article-title":"Parkinsonism, movement disorders and genetics in frontotemporal dementia","volume":"12","author":"Baizabal-Carvallo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref37","first-page":"165","article-title":"Normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"25","author":"Graff-Radford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.10.147","article-title":"Pathogenesis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A review of knowledge","volume":"61","author":"Br\u00e4utigam","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0845-8","article-title":"A harmonized classification system for FTLD-TDP pathology","volume":"122","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2831","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa225","article-title":"A clinical-radiological framework of the right temporal variant of frontotemporal dementia","volume":"143","author":"Ulugut Erkoyun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.5398","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Neurofilament light chain levels in definite subtypes of disease","volume":"74","author":"Gaiani","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9161","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66090-x","article-title":"Differential levels of neurofilament light protein in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"10","author":"Delaby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7781","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22157781","article-title":"TDP-43 and inflammation: Implications for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia","volume":"22","author":"Bright","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa033","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and protein aggregation co-localize across the frontotemporal dementia spectrum","volume":"143","author":"Bevan-Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000158425.46019.5C","article-title":"The natural history of temporal variant frontotemporal dementia","volume":"64","author":"Seeley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190838","article-title":"Plasma neurofilament light chain in primary progressive aphasia and related disorders: Clinical significance and metabolic correlates","volume":"72","author":"Mat\u00edas-Guiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.290","article-title":"Plasma neurofilament light chain predicts progression in progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"3","author":"Rojas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-327788","article-title":"Differential levels of plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration in Lewy body dementia, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, frontotemporal dementia and progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"93","author":"Chouliaras","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl078","article-title":"Clinicopathological and imaging correlates of progressive aphasia and apraxia of speech","volume":"129","author":"Josephs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220272_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.03.019","article-title":"Neurofilament light chain as a blood biomarker to differentiate psychiatric disorders from behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia","volume":"113","author":"Al Shweiki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychiatric Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JAD-220272","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:06:59Z","timestamp":1777370819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JAD-220272"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-220272","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]}}}