{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T19:12:41Z","timestamp":1789240361883,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Dementia, including Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), is one of the serious diseases at advanced age, and its early detection is important for maintaining quality of life (QOL). Objective: In this study, we sought novel biomarkers for dementia in urine. Methods: Samples of urine were collected from 57 control subjects without dementia, 62 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and 42 AD patients. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was evaluated when subjects were examined by medical doctors. Urinary amino acid (lysine)-conjugated acrolein (AC-Acro) was measured using N \u025b-(3-formyl-3, 4-dehydropiperidine) lysine (FDP-Lys) ELISA kit, and taurine content was measured using a taurine assay kit. Values were normalized by creatinine content which was measured with the colorimetric assay kit. Results: We found that urinary amino acid (lysine)-conjugated acrolein (AC-Acro) and taurine negatively correlated with MMSE score and are significantly lower in dementia patients compared to the normal subjects. When AC-Acro and taurine were evaluated together with age using an artificial neural network model, median relative risk values for subjects with AD, subjects with mild cognitive impairment, and control subjects were 0.96, 0.53, and 0.06, respectively. Conclusion: Since urine is relatively easy to collect, our findings provide a novel biomarker for dementia without invasiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-220912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T11:57:09Z","timestamp":1675166229000},"page":"361-369","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Urinary Amino Acid-Conjugated Acrolein and Taurine as New Biomarkers for Detection of Dementia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Madoka","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Uemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mutsumi","family":"Mizoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Waragai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higashi-Matsudo Municipal Hospital, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Terui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Kashiwagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuei","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220912_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69113-7","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"368","author":"Blennow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220912_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000240127.89601.83","article-title":"Aging of the brain, entropy, and Alzheimer disease","volume":"67","author":"Drachman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220912_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2009.217","article-title":"The use of PET in Alzheimer disease","volume":"6","author":"Nordberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220912_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2010.04.029","article-title":"Longitudinal MRI atrophy biomarkers: Relationship to conversion in the ADNI cohort","volume":"31","author":"Risacher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220912_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05258-7","article-title":"2020 update on the clinical validity of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid, tau, and phospho-tau as biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease in the context of a structured 5-phase development framework","volume":"48","author":"Leuzy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220912_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2240","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide: A metabolic by-product or a common mediator of ageing signals","volume":"8","author":"Giorgio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220912_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4569","article-title":"Polyamine cytotoxicity in the presence of bovine serum amine oxidase","volume":"282","author":"Sharmin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220912_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.11.054","article-title":"Acrolein toxicity: Comparison with reactive oxygen species","volume":"378","author":"Yoshida","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220912_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16058","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.26.16058","article-title":"Acrolein is a product of lipid peroxidation reaction. 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