{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T13:35:26Z","timestamp":1782135326243,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Diabetes is a risk factor for cognitive impairment, and disease duration is associated with geriatric decline and functional disabilities. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association of diabetes duration with domain-specific cognitive impairment in elderly. Methods: A total of 3,142 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from the period between 2011 and 2014 were included. We assessed cognitive function using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), the CERAD Word Learning (CERAD-WL) test, the CERAD Delayed Recall (CERAD-DR) test and animal fluency (AF) test. Results: After adjusting for age, sex, race\/ethnicity, education level, and annual household income, we found that diabetes with a duration longer than 20 years were at 3.32-fold increased risk of DSST impairment (OR\u200a=\u200a3.32, 95% CI: 1.95 to 5.67), 1.72-fold increased risk of CERAD-WL impairment (OR\u200a=\u200a1.72, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.62), and 1.76-fold increased risk of AF impairment (OR\u200a=\u200a1.76, 95% CI: 1.23 to 2.53), compared with those with no diabetes. Associations were generally stronger in women than in men. Participants with diabetes, who were diagnosed at 50\u201359 years old were at increased risk of DSST impairment, CERAD-WL impairment, CERAD-DR impairment, and AF impairment per 5 years longer duration of diabetes. Conclusion: Longer diabetes duration was associated with the increased risk of cognitive impairment, especially in processing speed and attention. The presence of chronic kidney disease was associated with the increased risk of DSST impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-220972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T12:26:34Z","timestamp":1673612794000},"page":"1435-1446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Association Between Diabetes Duration and Domain-Specific Cognitive Impairment: A Population-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Xingyao","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Sim\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d\u2019Hebron, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coen D.A.","family":"Stehouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Bo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220972_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.03.024","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates for the prevalence of diabetes for 2015 and 2040","volume":"128","author":"Ogurtsova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220972_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70088-3","article-title":"Dementia and cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes and prediabetic stages: Towards targeted interventions","volume":"2","author":"Biessels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-220972_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(1998) Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). 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