{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T10:47:10Z","timestamp":1792234030659,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Herpesviruses have been proposed to be involved in Alzheimer\u2019s disease development as potentially modifiable pathology triggers. Objective: To investigate associations of serum antibodies for herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and cytomegalovirus (CMV) and anti-herpesvirus treatment with cognitive outcomes in relation to interactions with APOE \u025b4. Methods: The study included 849 participants in the population-based Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors study. Cognitive performance at the ages of 75 and 80 years was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), trail-making test (TMT) A and B, and 7-minute screening test (7MS). Results: Anti\u2013 HSV-1 IgG positivity was associated cross-sectionally with worse performance on the MMSE, TMT-A, TMT-B, 7MS, enhanced free recall, and verbal fluency tests (p\u200a=\u200a0.016, p\u200a=\u200a0.016, p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001, p\u200a=\u200a0.001, p\u200a=\u200a0.033, and p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001, respectively), but not orientation or clock drawing. Cognitive scores did not decline over time and longitudinal changes did not differ according to HSV-1 positivity. Anti\u2013 CMV IgG positivity was not associated cross-sectionally with cognition, but TMT-B scores declined more in anti\u2013 CMV IgG carriers. Anti\u2013 HSV-1 IgG interacted with APOE \u025b4 in association with worse TMT-A and better enhanced cued recall. Anti\u2013 HSV IgM interacted with APOE \u025b4 and anti-herpesvirus treatment in association with worse TMT-A and clock drawing, respectively. Conclusion: These findings indicate that HSV-1 is linked to poorer cognition in cognitively healthy elderly adults, including impairments in executive function, memory, and expressive language. Cognitive performance did not decline over time, nor was longitudinal decline associated with HSV-1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-221116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T10:19:47Z","timestamp":1686651587000},"page":"751-762","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Longitudinal Effects of Herpesviruses on Multiple Cognitive Outcomes in Healthy Elderly Adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Bodil","family":"Weidung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Section of Clinical Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Josefsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Ume\u00e5 School of Business, Economics and Statistics, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Lyttkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Elgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Lind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Acute and Internal Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Kilander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Section of Clinical Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"L\u00f6vheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Division of Geriatic Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.06.3040","article-title":"The antimicrobial protection hypothesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Moir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.04.522","article-title":"Reactivated herpes simplex infection increases the risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"L\u00f6vheim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.07.157","article-title":"Herpes simplex infection and the risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A nested case-control study","volume":"11","author":"L\u00f6vheim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3637","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003637","article-title":"Seropositivity to herpes simplex virus antibodies and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A population-based cohort study","volume":"3","author":"Letenneur","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160152","article-title":"Microbes and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"51","author":"Itzhaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140822","article-title":"Herpes viruses increase the risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Steel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2019.09.014","article-title":"A genetic signature including apolipoprotein E\u025b4 potentiates the risk of herpes simplex\u2013 associated Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"Lopatko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-171162","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus, APOE \u025b4, and cognitive decline in old age: Results from the Betula cohort study","volume":"67","author":"L\u00f6vheim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100044115","article-title":"Limbic predilection in Alzheimer dementia: Is reactivated herpesvirus involved?","volume":"9","author":"Ball","year":"1982","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2449","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA is located within Alzheimer\u2019s disease amyloid plaques","volume":"217","author":"Wozniak","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.05.023","article-title":"Multiscale analysis of independent Alzheimer\u2019s cohorts finds disruption of molecular, genetic, and clinical networks by human herpesvirus","volume":"99","author":"Readhead","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.09.077","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus infection causes cellular beta-amyloid accumulation and secretase upregulation","volume":"429","author":"Wozniak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.06.030","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease-associated \u03b2-amyloid is rapidly seeded by herpesviridae to protect against brain infection","volume":"99","author":"Eimer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)10149-5","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus type 1 in brain and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"349","author":"Itzhaki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161305","article-title":"Interaction between cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 associated with the risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease development","volume":"61","author":"L\u00f6vheim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12187","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12187","article-title":"Antiviral treatment associated with reduced risk of clinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A nested case-control study","volume":"7","author":"Hemmingsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12119","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12119","article-title":"Herpesvirus infections, antiviral treatment, and the risk of dementia: A registry-based cohort study in Sweden","volume":"7","author":"Lopatko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-018-0611-x","article-title":"Anti-herpetic medications and reduced risk of dementia in patients with herpes simplex virus infections: A nationwide, population-based cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"15","author":"Tzeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-020-01157-4","article-title":"Association of herpes zoster with dementia and effect of antiviral therapy on dementia: A population-based cohort study","volume":"271","author":"Bae","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00950-0","article-title":"Antiherpetic drugs: A potential way to prevent Alzheimer\u2019s disease?","volume":"14","author":"Linard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-017-0093-4","article-title":"Herpes virus seroepidemiology in the adult Swedish population","volume":"14","author":"Olsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immun Ageing"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2007.06.011","article-title":"Asymptomatic shedding of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in the oral cavity","volume":"105","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1159\/000150502","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus cell tropism and pathogenesis","volume":"39","author":"Sinzger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2016.06.005","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus driven immunosenescence: An immune phenotype with or without clinical impact?","volume":"158","author":"S\u00f6derberg-Naucl\u00e9r","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.4.1984","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus seropositivity drives the CD8 T cell repertoire toward greater clonality in healthy elderly individuals","volume":"169","author":"Khan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23397","article-title":"Reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 is associated with cytomegalovirus and age","volume":"84","author":"Stowe","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01532-2","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus, early neuroimaging markers and incidence of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Linard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12008","article-title":"Interaction between APOE4 and herpes simplex virus type 1 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Linard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.09.008","article-title":"Interaction of herpesviridae, APOE gene, and education in cognitive impairment","volume":"26","author":"Strandberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000086754.32238.DA","article-title":"Impact of viral and bacterial burden on cognitive impairment in elderly persons with cardiovascular diseases","volume":"34","author":"Strandberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2021.105414","article-title":"Immune function, cortisol, and cognitive decline & dementia in an aging latino population","volume":"133","author":"Stebbins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e462","DOI":"10.1212\/NXG.0000000000000462","article-title":"APOE \u025b4 modifies the relationship between infectious burden and poor cognition","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Genet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.11.016","article-title":"The lack of association between herpes simplex virus 1 or Toxoplasma gondii infection and cognitive decline in the general population: An 11-year follow-up study","volume":"76","author":"Torniainen-Holm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit616","article-title":"Persistent viral pathogens and cognitive impairment across the life course in the third national health and nutrition examination survey","volume":"209,","author":"Tarter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000133","article-title":"Temporal cognitive decline associated with exposure to infectious agents in a population-based, aging cohort","volume":"30","author":"Nimgaonkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00285","article-title":"Relationship between herpes simplex virus-1-specific antibody titers and cortical brain damage in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment","volume":"6","author":"Mancuso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu437","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection and risk of Alzheimer disease in older black and white individuals","volume":"211","author":"Barnes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8691","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87963-9","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus 1 and the risk of dementia: A population-based study","volume":"11","author":"Murphy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988719856692","article-title":"No association found between midlife seropositivity for infection and subsequent cognitive decline: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS)","volume":"33","author":"George","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00796.x","article-title":"The influence of latent viral infection on rate of cognitive decline over 4 years","volume":"54","author":"Aiello","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.01.011","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection and cognitive abilities in old age","volume":"34","author":"Gow","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03719.x","article-title":"Associations between cytomegalovirus infection and functional impairment and frailty in the BELFRAIL cohort","volume":"59","author":"Mathe\u00ef","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Educational attainment of the population 2006","volume":"0701","author":"Statistics","year":"2007","journal-title":"Statistiska Meddelanden"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(88)90039-0","article-title":"Specific serum IgA, IgG and IgM antibody determination by a modified indirect ELISA-technique in primary and recurrent herpes simplex virus infection","volume":"20","author":"Juto","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-011-9799-3","article-title":"Human immunoglobulin G levels of viruses and associated glioma risk","volume":"22","author":"Sjostrom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1101\/sqb.2003.68.69","article-title":"Highly parallel SNP genotyping","volume":"68","author":"Fan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref47","unstructured":"Swedish Medical Products Agency (2019) S\u00f6k l\u00e4kemedelsfakta, https:\/\/www.lakemedelsverket.se\/sv\/sok-lakemedelsfakta, Accessed on September 26, 2022."},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023401","article-title":"Correlates of level and change in the Mini-Mental State Examination","volume":"23","author":"Soubelet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref50","volume-title":"Mini Mental State Examination: Svensk Revidering (MMSE-SR)","author":"Palmqvist","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref51","volume-title":"MMSE-SR Mini Mental State Examination: Svensk Revidering: Manual","author":"Palmqvist","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref52","first-page":"11","article-title":"Partington\u2019s pathways test","volume":"1","author":"Partington","year":"1949","journal-title":"Psychol Serv Center J"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2011.03.001","article-title":"What cognitive abilities are involved in trail-making performance?","volume":"39","author":"Salthouse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.9.853","article-title":"Patterns of cognitive decline in presymptomatic Alzheimer disease: A prospective community study","volume":"58","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.3.349","article-title":"A 7 minute neurocognitive screening battery highly sensitive to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"55","author":"Solomon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.021055","article-title":"The seven minute screen: A neurocognitive screening test highly sensitive to various types of dementia","volume":"75","author":"Meulen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12131","article-title":"When to use the Bonferroni correction","volume":"34","author":"Armstrong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317509345154","article-title":"Longitudinal verbal fluency in normal aging, preclinical, and prevalent Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Clark","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimers Di Other Demen"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00211-16","article-title":"Immunoglobulin M for acute infection: True or false?","volume":"23","author":"Landry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000184769.22061.da","article-title":"A comparison of three different methods to evaluate endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the elderly: The Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study","volume":"25","author":"Lind","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-221116_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561771900016X","article-title":"Attrition in longitudinal data is primarily selective with respect to level rather than rate of change","volume":"25","author":"Salthouse","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JAD-221116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:07:54Z","timestamp":1777370874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JAD-221116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-221116","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]}}}