{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:01:23Z","timestamp":1791907283013,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]],"date-time":"2023-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]],"date-time":"2023-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neurodegenerative disease pathology is associated with neuroinflammation, but evidence on idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) remains limited and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker profiles need to be elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate whether iNPH pathological mechanisms are associated with greater CSF markers of core Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology (amyloid-\u03b242 (A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), phosphorylated tau (P-tau)), neurodegeneration (total tau (T-tau)), and neuroinflammation (soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40)).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study analyzed lumbar CSF samples from 63 patients with iNPH and 20 age-matched orthopedic surgery patients who had no preoperative gait or cognitive impairment (control group). A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      , T-tau, P-tau, sTREM2, and YKL-40 in different subgroups were investigated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CSF sTREM2 levels were significantly higher in the iNPH group than in the control group, but no significant between-group difference was noted in YKL-40. Moreover, YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in the tap test non-responders than in the tap test responders (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u200a=\u200a0.021). At the 1-year follow-up after shunt surgery, the CSF P-tau levels were significantly lower (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u200a=\u200a0.020) in those with gait improvement and the CSF sTREM2 levels were significantly lower (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u200a=\u200a0.041) in those with cognitive improvement. In subgroup analysis, CSF sTREM2 levels were strongly correlated with CSF YKL-40 in the iNPH group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u200a=\u200a0.443,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u200a&lt;\u200a0.001), especially in the tap test non-responders (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u200a=\u200a0.653,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u200a=\u200a0.002).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>YKL-40 and sTREM2 are disease-specific markers of neuroinflammation, showing higher CSF levels in iNPH. In addition, sTREM2 is positively associated with YKL-40, indicating that interactions of glial cells play an important role in iNPH pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-221180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T01:47:36Z","timestamp":1683683256000},"page":"1341-1354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 and Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 in Idiopathic Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Fuxia","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huadong 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