{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:16:13Z","timestamp":1777396573494,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent research shows that older adults electing to undergo total knee arthroplasty with general anesthesia have a pre- to postoperative acute increase in molecular free-water within their cerebral white matter. It is unknown if this change is similar for individuals who elect spinal anesthesia methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore white matter microstructural changes in a pilot sample of older adults undergoing total knee arthroplasty and receiving general or spinal anesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed acute perioperative changes in brain white matter free-water in a limited number of older adults electing total knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia ( n\u200a=\u200a5) and matched groups of older adults who received general anesthesia ( n\u200a=\u200a5) or had no surgery ( n\u200a=\u200a5). Patterns of free-water changes were also compared in the larger group of older adults electing total knee arthroplasty under general anesthesia ( n\u200a=\u200a61) and older adults with chronic knee pain who received no surgical intervention ( n\u200a=\u200a65).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our pilot results suggest older adults receiving general anesthesia had pre- to post-surgery free-water increases extensively throughout their white matter whereas those receiving spinal anesthesia appeared to have less consistent free-water increases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our pilot results possibly suggest different patterns of perioperative brain white matter free-water changes based on anesthetic approach. We recommend future, larger studies to further examine the effects of anesthetic approach on perioperative brain free-water. The results of our study have potential implications for acute and chronic cognitive changes, perioperative complications, neurodegenerative processes including Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and understanding neuroinflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-221246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T13:24:39Z","timestamp":1699363479000},"page":"1243-1252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perioperative Extracellular Brain Free-Water Changes for Older Adults Electing Total Knee Arthroplasty with General versus Spinal Anesthesia: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Jared J.","family":"Tanner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida College of Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Florida College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Dion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychology and Structural Imaging Laboratory, University of Florida College of Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hari K.","family":"Parvataneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Mareci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine C.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida College of Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, FL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22055"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2904-12.2012"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.07.031"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00117"},{"key":"ref005","first-page":"1003","volume":"1","author":"Kempuraj D","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"ref006","unstructured":"WilliamsSN, WolfordML, BercovitzA (2015) Hospitalization for Total Knee Replacement Among Inpatients Aged 45 and Over: United States, 2000\u20132010. 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