{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T03:16:59Z","timestamp":1784776619567,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are common in Veterans and linked to behavioral disturbances, increased risk of cognitive decline, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Objective: We studied the synergistic effects of PTSD and TBI on behavioral, cognitive, and neuroimaging measures in Vietnam war Veterans. Methods: Data were acquired at baseline and after about one-year from male Veterans categorized into: PTSD, TBI, PTSD+TBI, and Veteran controls without PTSD or TBI. We applied manual tractography to examine white matter microstructure of three fiber tracts: uncinate fasciculus (N\u200a=\u200a91), cingulum (N\u200a=\u200a87), and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (N\u200a=\u200a95). ANCOVAs were used to compare Veterans\u2019 baseline behavioral and cognitive functioning (N\u200a=\u200a285), white matter microstructure, amyloid-\u03b2 (N\u200a=\u200a230), and tau PET (N\u200a=\u200a120). Additional ANCOVAs examined scores\u2019 differences from baseline to follow-up. Results: Veterans with PTSD and PTSD+TBI, but not Veterans with TBI only, exhibited poorer behavioral and cognitive functioning at baseline than controls. The groups did not differ in baseline white matter, amyloid-\u03b2, or tau, nor in behavioral and cognitive functioning, and tau accumulation change. Progression of white matter abnormalities of the uncinate fasciculus in Veterans with PTSD compared to controls was observed; analyses in TBI and PTSD+TBI were not run due to insufficient sample size. Conclusions: PTSD and PTSD+TBI negatively affect behavioral and cognitive functioning, while TBI does not contribute independently. Whether progressive decline in uncinate fasciculus microstructure in Veterans with PTSD might account for cognitive decline should be further studied. Findings did not support an association between PTSD, TBI, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology based on amyloid and tau PET.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-221304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T11:50:43Z","timestamp":1693914643000},"page":"1427-1448","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury: Cognition, Behavior, and Neuroimaging Markers in Vietnam Veterans"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Sofia","family":"Marcolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Department of Defense Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philine","family":"Rojczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Seitz-Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga K.","family":"Koerte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Alosco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Bouix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology, \u00c9cole de Technologie Supe\u00b4rieure, Montre\u00b4al, 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