{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T04:28:01Z","timestamp":1787977681338,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The term sundowning is used to describe the emergence or worsening of neuropsychiatric symptoms in late afternoon or early evening in people with dementia. Objective: Our aim was to evaluate sundowning\u2019s prevalence and clinical manifestations among patients attending a tertiary memory clinic and to investigate its clinical and neuropsychological correlates. Methods: Patients with dementia attending our memory clinic were enrolled in the study. Sundowning was identified through a specifically designed questionnaire. Sociodemographic and clinical features of sundowners and non-sundowners were compared, and a logistic regression was performed to identify the variables associated with the phenomenon. A subgroup of patients underwent a complete neuropsychological assessment. Results: Among 184 recruited patients, 39 (21.2%) exhibited sundowning, mostly expressed as agitation (56.4%), irritability (53.8%), and anxiety (46.2%). Sundowners were significantly older, had a later dementia onset, exhibited more severe cognitive and functional impairment, more frequent nocturnal awakenings, and hearing loss relative to non-sundowners. They were also more likely to use anticholinergic medications and antipsychotics, and less likely to use memantine. In a multi-adjusted model, the factors significantly associated with sundowning were the Clinical Dementia Rating score (OR 3.88; 95% CI 1.39\u201310.90) and the use of memantine (OR 0.20; 95% CI 0.05\u20130.74). Participants with and without sundowning obtained similar results in single domain neuropsychological tests. Conclusion: Sundowning is commonly experienced by patients with dementia and appears as a multiply determined condition. Its presence should always be evaluated in clinical practice and a multidimensional approach should be adopted to identify its predictors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-230094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T10:21:02Z","timestamp":1686651662000},"page":"601-610","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Sundowning in Patients with Dementia: Identification, Prevalence, and Clinical Correlates"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Toccaceli Blasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neuroscience, \u201cSapienza\u201d University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Valletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Aging Research Center, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, 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