{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:17:07Z","timestamp":1777396627188,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Epidemiological studies showed that COVID-19 increases risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). However, it remains unknown if there is a potential genetic predispositional effect. Objective: To examine potential effects of genetic susceptibility of COVID-19 on the risk and progression of AD, we performed a non-overlapping 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of over 2.6 million subjects was used to examine whether genetic susceptibility of COVID-19 is not associated with the risk of AD, cortical amyloid burden, hippocampal volume, or AD progression score. Additionally, a validation analysis was performed on a combined sample size of 536,190 participants. Results: We show that the AD risk was not associated with genetic susceptibility of COVID-19 risk (OR\u200a=\u200a0.98, 95% CI 0.81\u20131.19) and COVID-19 severity (COVID-19 hospitalization: OR\u200a=\u200a0.98, 95% CI 0.9\u20131.07, and critical COVID-19: OR\u200a=\u200a0.98, 95% CI 0.92\u20131.03). Genetic predisposition to COVID-19 is not associated with AD progression as measured by hippocampal volume, cortical amyloid beta load, and AD progression score. These findings were replicated in a set of 536,190 participants. Consistent results were obtained across models based on different GWAS summary statistics, MR estimators and COVID-19 definitions. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the genetic susceptibility of COVID-19 is not associated with the risk and progression of AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-230632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T11:33:47Z","timestamp":1700566427000},"page":"1711-1720","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of COVID-19 with Risk and Progression of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Non-Overlapping Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis of 2.6 Million Subjects"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Pingjian","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Gurney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of 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