{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:39:30Z","timestamp":1791819570678,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of dementia and early features may become evident even in mid-life. Characterizing these early features comprehensively requires multiple measurement modalities and careful selection of participants with and without T2D. Objective: We conducted a cross-sectional multimodal imaging study of T2D-discordant twins in late mid-life to provide insights into underlying mechanisms. Methods: Measurements included computerized cognitive battery, brain MRI (including arterial spin labelling, diffusion tensor, resting state functional), fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET, and retinal optical coherence tomography. Results: There were 23 pairs, mean age 63.7 (\u00b16.1) years. In global analyses, T2D was associated with poorer attention (\u03b2=\u200a\u20130.45, p &lt;0.001) and with reduced FDG uptake (\u03b2=\u200a\u20135.04, p\u200a=\u200a0.02), but not with cortical thickness (p\u200a=\u200a0.71), total brain volume (p\u200a=\u200a0.51), fractional anisotropy (p\u200a=\u200a0.15), mean diffusivity (p\u200a=\u200a0.34), or resting state activity (p\u200a=\u200a0.4). Higher FDG uptake was associated with better attention (\u03b2=\u200a3.19, p\u200a=\u200a0.01) but not with other cognitive domains. In regional analyses, T2D was associated with lower accumbens volume (\u03b2=\u200a\u201344, p\u200a=\u200a0.0004) which was in turn associated with poorer attention. Conclusion: T2D-related brain dysfunction in mid-life manifests as attentional loss accompanied by evidence of subtle neurodegeneration and global reduction in cerebral metabolism, in the absence of overt cerebrovascular disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-230640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T12:08:02Z","timestamp":1704802082000},"page":"1223-1233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Type 2 Diabetes and Biomarkers of Brain Structure, Perfusion, Metabolism, and Function in Late Mid-Life: A Multimodal Discordant Twin Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Karayiannis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 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UK"},{"name":"Macular Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Gillies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macular Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanh G.","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke and Ageing Research Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng Yang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"UCL Medical School, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of 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