{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T05:36:39Z","timestamp":1778909799715,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The amyloid-\u03b21-42 (A\u03b242) level is a biomarker that is widely used to evaluate individual cognitive dysfunction early in neurodegenerative diseases, as well as differentiate between normal cognitive function, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and vascular cognitive impairment. Objective: Our cross-sectional study evaluated the association between daily exercise and physical and cognitive function and A\u03b242 levels among a subsample of 325 older adults from the Kasama Study. Methods: Participants (age: 74.5 [range 65\u201390] years) were classified into three exercise groups: the dual-task (DEG, n = 128), single-task (SEG, n = 122), and non-exercise (NEG, n = 75) groups. The main outcomes were the plasma A\u03b242 levels and the scores of the five cognitive (5-COG) tests and five cognition-related physical function (5-PHYS) tests. Results: The A\u03b242 levels and 5-COG and 5-PHYS scores were higher in the SEG and DEG than in the NEG. The A\u03b242 levels were higher in the DEG than in the NEG (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Physical activities such as regular exercise may benefit older adults, improving their cognitive and physical function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-230675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T12:40:51Z","timestamp":1700829651000},"page":"1801-1812","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of Cognitive and Physical Function Among Older Adults by Their Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Kasama Study, Japan"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Jieun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Korin","family":"Tateoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuaki","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Isoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan"},{"name":"Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Okura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref3","first-page":"604141","article-title":"Reliable measurements of the \u03b2-amyloid pool in blood could help in the early diagnosis of AD","volume":"2012","author":"Pesini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shanthi KB , Krishnan S , Rani P (2015) A systematic review and meta-analysis of plasma amyloid 1-42 and tau as biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. SAGE Open Med 3, 2050312115598250.","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312115598250"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.06.026","article-title":"Effects of cerebrovascular disease and amyloid beta burden on cognition in subjects with subcortical vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"35","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww148","article-title":"Relative impact of amyloid-\u03b2, lacunes, and downstream imaging markers on cognitive trajectories","volume":"139","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001705","article-title":"Clinical effect of white matter network disruption related to amyloid and small vessel disease","volume":"85","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1932-x","article-title":"Current state of Alzheimer\u2019s fluid biomarkers","volume":"136","author":"Molinuevo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0079-7","article-title":"Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer disease: Mapping the road to the clinic","volume":"14","author":"Hampel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.09.014","article-title":"Blood-based biomarkers in Alzheimer disease: Current state of the science and a novel collaborative paradigm for advancing from discovery to clinic","volume":"13","author":"O\u2019Bryant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25456","article-title":"High performance plasma amyloid-\u03b2 biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"554","author":"Nakamura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.7600\/jpfsm.6.49","article-title":"Study protocol and overview of the Kasama Study: Creating a comprehensive, community-based system for preventive nursing care and supporting successful aging","volume":"6","author":"Okura","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci7020022","article-title":"Physical activity: A viable way to reduce the risks of mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and vascular dementia in older adults","volume":"7","author":"Gallaway","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708003681","article-title":"Physical activity and risk of neurodegenerative disease: A systematic review of prospective evidence","volume":"39","author":"Hamer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2010.02281.x","article-title":"Physical activity and risk of cognitive decline: A meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"269","author":"Sofi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref17","first-page":"733","article-title":"Physical activity and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A systematic review","volume":"72","author":"Stephen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18957","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103908","article-title":"Evaluation of beneficial effect of a dual-task exercise based on Japanese transitional games in older adults: A pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Yoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12276","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12276","article-title":"Cognitive and physical benefits of a game-like dual-task exercise among the oldest nursing home residents in Japan","volume":"8","author":"Yoon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (N Y)"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.33.15","article-title":"Associations between exercising in a group and physical and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study using data from the Kasama Study","volume":"33","author":"Fujii","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324655","article-title":"A novel exercise for improving lower-extremity functional fitness in the elderly","volume":"18","author":"Shigematsu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref23","first-page":"A58","article-title":"A mass cognitive test for the elderly: Development of Five Cog Test","volume":"6","author":"Yatomi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref24","first-page":"183","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Five Cognitive Test in the context of detecting older people with mild cognitive impairment living in the community","volume":"26","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rhonen Seishin Igaku Zasshi"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12322","article-title":"Effects of olfactory stimulation on reminiscence practice in community-dwelling elderly individuals","volume":"18","author":"Hanaoka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879100400310","article-title":"The short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale: A comparison with the 30-item form","volume":"4","author":"Burke","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2008.00463.x","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) in Japanese elderly people","volume":"8","author":"Hagiwara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2009-0987","article-title":"An abnormal \u201cone-leg balance\u201d test predicts cognitive decline during Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Rolland","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.583","article-title":"Poor physical performance and dementia in the oldest old: The 90+ study","volume":"70","author":"Bullain","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0185641","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185641","article-title":"\u2018Timed Up and Go\u2019 test: Age, gender and cognitive impairment stratified normative values of older adults","volume":"12","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1519\/00139143-200831020-00004","article-title":"Normative data and determinants for the timed \u201cup and go\u201d test in a population-based sample of elderly individuals without gait disturbances","volume":"31","author":"Pondal","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Geriatr Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1199-7","article-title":"Role of gait speed and grip strength in predicting 10-year cognitive decline among community-dwelling older people","volume":"19","author":"Chou","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref33","first-page":"13","article-title":"The relationship between pegboard test and P300 in older adults [in Japanese]","volume":"19","author":"Yoon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Japan Soc Exerc Sports Physiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0193113","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193113","article-title":"Effects of physical exercise programs on cognitive function in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of the last 10 years","volume":"13","author":"da Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12246","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12246","article-title":"Machine learning of brain structural biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) diagnosis, prediction of disease progression, and amyloid beta deposition in the Japanese population","volume":"13","author":"Shiino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11101289","article-title":"An overview on cognitive function enhancement through physical exercises","volume":"11","author":"Srinivas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2008.10.007","article-title":"The effect of midlife physical activity on structural brain changes in the elderly","volume":"31","author":"Rovio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5812092","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5812092","article-title":"Effects of physical-cognitive dual task training on executive function and gait performance in older adults: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"2016","author":"Falbo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00368","article-title":"Influence of sequential vs. simultaneous dual-task exercise training on cognitive function in older adults","volume":"9","author":"Tait","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-35552012005000041","article-title":"Accuracy of Timed Up and Go Test for screening risk of falls among community-dwelling elderly","volume":"16","author":"Alexandre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Bras Fisioter"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref41","first-page":"77","article-title":"Hand strength and dexterity","volume":"25","author":"Kellor","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3143\/geriatrics.52.71","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the \u201cTrail Making Peg\u201d test as a performance measurement for evaluating the cognitive function [in Japanese]","volume":"52","author":"Abe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230675_ref43","first-page":"59","article-title":"A novel performance test for evaluating cognitive function in older adults: Trail making peg test","volume":"14","author":"Tomohoro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Japan Soc Test Meas Health Phys Educ"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JAD-230675","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:08:55Z","timestamp":1777370935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JAD-230675"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-230675","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]]}}}