{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T00:42:52Z","timestamp":1794012172614,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence indicates that herpes simplex virus (HSV) participates in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated AD and dementia risks according to the presence of herpesvirus antibodies in relation to anti-herpesvirus treatment and potential APOE \u025b4 carriership interaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted with 1002 dementia-free 70-year-olds living in Sweden in 2001\u20132005 who were followed for 15 years. Serum samples were analyzed to detect anti-HSV and anti-HSV-1 immunoglobulin (Ig) G, anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG, anti-HSV IgM, and anti-HSV and anti-CMV IgG levels. Diagnoses and drug prescriptions were collected from medical records. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were applied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cumulative AD and all-cause dementia incidences were 4% and 7%, respectively. Eighty-two percent of participants were anti-HSV IgG carriers, of whom 6% received anti-herpesvirus treatment. Anti-HSV IgG was associated with a more than doubled dementia risk (fully adjusted hazard ratio\u200a=\u200a2.26, p\u200a=\u200a0.031). No significant association was found with AD, but the hazard ratio was of the same magnitude as for dementia. Anti-HSV IgM and anti-CMV IgG prevalence, anti-herpesvirus treatment, and anti-HSV and -CMV IgG levels were not associated with AD or dementia, nor were interactions between anti-HSV IgG and APOE \u025b4 or anti-CMV IgG. Similar results were obtained for HSV-1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HSV (but not CMV) infection may be indicative of doubled dementia risk. The low AD incidence in this cohort may have impaired the statistical power to detect associations with AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-230718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T10:48:41Z","timestamp":1706870921000},"page":"1841-1850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Herpes Simplex Viral Infection Doubles the Risk of Dementia in a Contemporary Cohort of Older Adults: A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Erika","family":"Vestin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustaf","family":"Bostr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research, V\u00e4stmanland and County Hospital, Uppsala University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Elgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Lind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Acute and Internal Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Kilander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"L\u00f6vheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bodil","family":"Weidung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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Dementia statisticshttps:\/\/www.alzint.org\/about\/dementia-facts-figures\/dementia-statistics\/Accessed on April 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