{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:32:40Z","timestamp":1791952360898,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"s1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There are currently no effective treatments to prevent, halt, or reverse Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in older adults. Melatonin, a relatively harmless over-the-counter supplement, may offer some benefits to patients with AD. Melatonin is known for its sleep-enhancing properties, but research shows that it may provide other advantages as well, such as antioxidant and anti-amyloidogenic properties. Clinical trials for melatonin use in AD have mixed results but, overall, show modest benefits. However, it is difficult to interpret clinical research in this area as there is little standardization to guide the administration and study of melatonin. This review covers basic biology and clinical research on melatonin in AD focusing on prominent hypotheses of pathophysiology of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD (i.e., amyloid and tau hypotheses, antioxidant and anti-inflammation, insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis, the cholinergic hypothesis, sleep regulation, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and cortisol). This is followed by a discussion on pending clinical trials, considerations for future research protocols, and open questions in the field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-230760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T10:50:40Z","timestamp":1729248640000},"page":"S193-S204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Melatonin in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Literature Review and Therapeutic Trials"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Marilyn J.","family":"Steinbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie L.","family":"Denburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230760_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19990405)406:2<171::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Anatomical demonstration of the suprachiasmatic nucleus\u2013pineal pathway","volume":"406","author":"Teclemariam-Mesbah","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230760_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-66-3-648","article-title":"Alterations in nocturnal serum melatonin levels in humans with growth and aging","volume":"66","author":"Waldhauser","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-230760_ref3","volume-title":"Adams and Victor\u2019s Principles of 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