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The paper analyzes stem cells\u2019 intrinsic properties of self-renewal, differentiation, and paracrine effects, alongside the importance of laboratory-modified stem cells like induced pluripotent stem cells and transgenic stem cells. Insights into disease-specific stem cell treatments are offered, reviewing both successes and challenges in the field. This includes the translational difficulties from rodent studies to human trials. The review concludes by acknowledging the uncharted territories that warrant further investigation, emphasizing the potential roles of stem cell-derived exosomes and indole-related molecules, and aiming at providing a basic understanding of stem cell therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-230897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T10:51:08Z","timestamp":1729248668000},"page":"S395-S416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Stem Cell Interventions in Neurology: From Bench to Bedside"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Pappolla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 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