{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:53:29Z","timestamp":1792274009555,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710201600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We hypothesize that Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD)-related pathology may accelerate cognitive decline in patients with cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between blood-based biomarkers of AD, astrocyte activation, and neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From the multi-center Heart-Brain study, we included 412 patients with heart failure, carotid occlusive disease or vascular cognitive impairment (age:68.6\u00b19.0) and 128 reference participants (65.7\u00b17.5). Baseline amyloid-\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42\/40<\/jats:sub>\n                      (A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42\/40<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), phosphorylated-tau181 (pTau181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NfL) were determined using SiMoA (Quanterix). Memory, attention, language, and executive functioning were evaluated (follow-up:2.1\u00b10.3 years). We applied linear mixed models with terms for biomarker, time and biomarker\n                      <jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>\n                      time interactions, adjusted for age, sex, education, and site, to assess associations between biomarkers and cognitive decline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among patients, A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42\/40<\/jats:sub>\n                      was not associated with cognitive performance at baseline. However, lower A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42\/40<\/jats:sub>\n                      was associated with steeper decline in global cognition (\u03b2\u00b1SE:0.04\u00b10.02). Higher pTau181 was associated with worse baseline performance on global cognition (\u20130.14\u00b10.04) and memory (\u20130.31\u00b10.09) and with steeper decline in global cognition (\u20130.07\u00b10.02), memory (\u20130.09\u00b10.04), attention (\u20130.05\u00b10.02), and language (\u20130.10\u00b10.03). Higher GFAP was associated with worse baseline performance on global cognition (\u20130.22\u00b10.05), memory (\u20130.43\u00b10.10), attention (\u20130.14\u00b10.06), language (\u20130.15\u00b10.05), and executive functioning (\u20130.15\u00b10.05) and steeper decline in global cognition (\u20130.05\u00b10.01). Higher NfL was associated with worse baseline performance on global cognition (\u20130.16\u00b10.04), memory (\u20130.28\u00b10.09), attention (\u20130.20\u00b10.06), and executive functioning (-0.10\u00b10.04), but was not associated with performance over time. In reference participants, no associations were found.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that blood-based biomarkers of AD-related pathology predict cognitive decline in patients with cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-231096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T12:56:13Z","timestamp":1710248173000},"page":"987-1000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Cognitive Decline in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases Along the Heart-Brain Axis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Calvin","family":"Trieu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Argonde C.","family":"van Harten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna E.","family":"Leeuwis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieza G.","family":"Exalto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Utrecht","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Brain Research Center","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Julius Clinical, Zeist, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid M.","family":"Hooghiemstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge M.W.","family":"Verberk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cor P.","family":"Allaart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Peter","family":"Brunner-La Rocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University Medical Center","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. Jaap","family":"Kappelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Utrecht","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"van Oostenbrugge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University Medical Center","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geert-Jan","family":"Biessels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Utrecht","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte E.","family":"Teunissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiesje M.","family":"van der Flier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of Heart-Brain Connection Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2018.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.1658"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2017.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000480738"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.026031"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12034"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32205-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00361-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0649-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02195-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12639"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0762-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab223"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075091"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.74.1.241"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.140.6.566"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J018v01n01_06"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-014-0254-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617705050344"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.2.126"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617706060115"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0044509"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390591004428"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191105283427"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","first-page":"63","article-title":"Digit series and Knox cubes as concentration tests for elderly subjects","volume":"25","author":"Lindeboom J","year":"1994","unstructured":"LindeboomJ, MattoD (1994) Digit series and Knox cubes as concentration tests for elderly subjects. 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