{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T11:18:40Z","timestamp":1785583120960,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716249600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias (ADRD) incidence varies based on demographics, but mid-life risk factor contribution to this variability requires more research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study is to forecast the 20-year incidence of dementia in the U.S. overall and stratified by race\/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and U.S. geographic region given prior mid-life risk factor prevalence and to examine the extent to which risk factor differences 20 years ago may explain current SES, race\/ethnicity, or regional disparities in dementia incidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We applied the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE) prediction model to the 2006 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in participants aged 45 to 64 to estimate the 20-year risk of incident ADRD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 20-year risk of dementia among middle-aged Americans was 3.3% (95% CI: 3.2%, 3.4%). Dementia incidence was forecast to be 1.51 (95% CI: 1.32, 1.71) and 1.27 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.44) times that in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Black individuals respectively compared statistically to Non-Hispanic White individuals given mid-life risk factors. There was a progressive increase in dementia risk from the lowest versus highest SES quintile. For geographic region, dementia incidence was forecast to be 1.17 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.30) and 1.27 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.43) times that in Midwestern and Southern individuals respectively compared statistically to Western individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Some disparities in dementia incidence could be explained by differences in mid-life risk factors and may point toward policy interventions designed to lessen the ADRD disease burden through early prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-231133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T12:16:31Z","timestamp":1716552991000},"page":"1225-1234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Forecasting the 20-Year Incidence of Dementia by Socioeconomic Status, Race\/Ethnicity, and Region Based on Mid-Life Risk Factors in a U.S. Nationally Representative Sample"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"Churchill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah E.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roch A.","family":"Nianogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"California Center for Population Research, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13016"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.14506.1"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232213954"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.0976"},{"key":"ref005","unstructured":"HRS Health and Retirement Study, The Health and Retirement Study."},{"key":"ref006","unstructured":"CrimminsEM, FaulJ, KimJK, GuyerHM, LangaKM, OfstedalMB, SonnegaA, WallaceRB, WeirDR (2013)\n                      Documentation of Biomarkers in the 2006 and 2008 Health and Retirement Study.\n                      HRS Documentation Report."},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70537-3"},{"key":"ref008","unstructured":"Lipid Panel. Johns Hopkins Medicine. https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/treatment-tests-and-therapies\/lipid-panel"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz180"},{"key":"ref010","unstructured":"BugliariD, CarrollJ, HaydenO, HayesJ, HurdMD, LeeS, MainR, McCulloughCM, MeijerE, PantojaP, RohwedderS (2023)\n                      RAND HRS Longitudinal File 2020 (V1) Documentation: Includes 1992\u20132020 (Early Release)\n                      , RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA."},{"key":"ref011","unstructured":"(2020) Fact Sheet: Race, Ethnicity, and Alzheimer\u2019s. Alzheimer\u2019s Impact Movement. https:\/\/portal.alzimpact.org\/media\/serve\/id\/5ab1151293c51"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2018.08.009"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12589"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001577"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2010.00825.x"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.036140"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.3446"},{"key":"ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac584"},{"key":"ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100620920576"},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9211-5"},{"key":"ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12415"},{"key":"ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.09.004"},{"key":"ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30248-8"},{"key":"ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7027-3"},{"key":"ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2022.869790"},{"key":"ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-020-00938-3"},{"key":"ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/22090"},{"key":"ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12126-021-09423-z"},{"key":"ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-018-0403-y"},{"key":"ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.05.1772"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JAD-231133","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JAD-231133","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JAD-231133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:08:44Z","timestamp":1777370924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JAD-231133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JAD-231133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-231133","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]}}}