{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:44:29Z","timestamp":1790214269761,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mechanisms through which acculturation influences the onset of cognitive impairment and dementia are not well understood, especially among older Hispanics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether inflammation and psycho-behavioral factors mediate the relationship between acculturation and incident dementia among older Mexican Americans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (1998\u20132007, SALSA), a longitudinal study ( N\u200a=\u200a1,194) with 10 years of follow-up, and used g-computation for mediation analysis with pooled logistic regression to evaluate whether acculturation (assessed by the Revised Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans [ARSMA-II]) affected dementia or cognitive impairment but not dementia (CIND) through inflammation (i.e., interleukin 6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor- \u03b1 (TNF- \u03b1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]), smoking, alcohol consumption, and depressive symptoms. The potential mediators were assessed at baseline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 10-year average adjusted risk ratio (aRR) for the effect of high U.S. acculturation and dementia\/CIND was 0.66, 95% CI (0.36, 1.30). The indirect effects were: IL-6 (aRR\u200a=\u200a0.98, 95% CI (0.88, 1.05)); TNF- \u03b1 (aRR:0.99, 95% CI (0.93, 1.05)); hs-CRP: (aRR\u200a=\u200a1.21, 95% CI (0.84, 1.95)); current smoking: aRR\u200a=\u200a0.97, 95% CI (0.84, 1.16); daily\/weekly alcohol consumption (aRR\u200a=\u200a1.00, 95% CI (0.96, 1.05)); and depressive symptom score (aRR\u200a=\u200a1.03, 95% CI (0.95, 1.26)). Hs-CRP yielded a proportion mediated of -26%, suggesting that hs-CRP could suppress the potential effect of high U.S. acculturation. The other factors explored resulted in little to no mediation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effect of acculturation on time to incident dementia\/CIND varied over time. Our study suggests that inflammation could suppress the effect between high U.S. acculturation and dementia risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-231341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T10:08:00Z","timestamp":1724753280000},"page":"463-473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Role of Inflammation and Psycho-Behavioral Factors as Mediators Between Acculturation and Time to Incident Dementia Among Older Mexican Americans"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Roch A.","family":"Nianogo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"California Center for Population Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ron D.","family":"Hays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Ritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O. Kenrik","family":"Duru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association. 2021 Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Facts and Figures: Special Report: Race, Ethnicity and Alzheimer\u2019s in America, Chicago, IL, https:\/\/www.alz.org\/media\/Documents\/alzheimers-facts-and-figures.pdf (2021, accessed 16 September 2021)."},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13016"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.47115"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e3182389a9c"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.19672"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.0976"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-018-0826-2"},{"key":"ref008","first-page":"271","author":"Al-Baldawi R","year":"1241","journal-title":"Int Congr Ser"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.034"},{"key":"ref010","unstructured":"RadfordJ, Noe-BustamanteLuis, Pew Research Center Facts on US Immigrants, 2017: Statistical portrait of the foreign-born population in the United States, https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/hispanic\/2019\/06\/03\/facts-on-u-s-immigrants\/ (accessed 7 November 2019)."},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.091892"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.129312"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwaa088"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1430-z"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.05.028"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2011.60"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2016"},{"key":"ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.181743"},{"key":"ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00077-5"},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz180"},{"key":"ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbq071"},{"key":"ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/1540-4153.8.1.14"},{"key":"ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2004.06.001"},{"key":"ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51054.x"},{"key":"ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/82.4.669"},{"key":"ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0100-z"},{"key":"ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000121"},{"key":"ref028","first-page":"411","volume-title":"In Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence","author":"Pearl J","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199203000-00013"},{"key":"ref030","first-page":"2020","volume-title":"Causal Inference: What If","author":"Hernan MA"},{"key":"ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp436"},{"key":"ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31818ef366"},{"key":"ref033","first-page":"591","volume":"75","author":"Rubin DB","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"ref034","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1nMAandRobinsJM. 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