{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:33:59Z","timestamp":1777581239242,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725408000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aggregated forms of the amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) peptides which form protofibrils and fibrils in the brain are signatures of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). Aggregates are also recognized by microglia, which in early phases may be protective and in later phases contribute to the pathology. We have identified several small molecules, decoys which interfere with A\u03b2 oligomerization and induce other aggregation trajectories leading to aggregated macrostructures which are non-toxic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigates whether the small-molecule decoys affect microglial activation in terms of cytokine secretion and phagocytosis of A\u03b2 peptide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The effects of the decoys (NSC 69318, NSC 100873, NSC 16224) were analyzed in a model of human THP-1 monocytes differentiated to microglia-like cells. The cells were activated by A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>\n                      and A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      peptides, respectively, and after treatment with each decoy the secreted levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the A\u03b2 phagocytosis were analyzed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      NSC16224, which generates a double-stranded aggregate of thin protofibrils, was found to block A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>\n                      - and A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      -induced increase in microglial secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. NSC 69318, selective for neurotoxicity of A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and NSC 100873 did not significantly reduce the microglial activation in terms of cytokine secretion. The uptake of A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      was not affected by anyone of the decoys.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our findings open the possibility that the molecular decoys of A\u03b2 aggregation may block microglial activation by A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>\n                      and A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      in addition to blocking neurotoxicity as shown previously.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-231399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T11:15:47Z","timestamp":1725621347000},"page":"787-796","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Small Molecule Decoy of Amyloid-\u03b2 Aggregation Blocks Activation of Microglia-Like Cells"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Sho","family":"Oasa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gefei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Schultzberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences &amp; Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Bioclinicum J10 : 30, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Terenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)90380-R"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(95)11384-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(01)00045-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(92)90202-M"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(95)90001-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1276"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-004-0695-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI97943"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25420"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9544-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-022-01216-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-111421"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124477"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(99)80020-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.2c00649"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-57143-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.2c00344"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16098"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-6-45"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar9002784"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.66.1.385"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19323"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.13239"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212948"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90606"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","first-page":"221","article-title":"Aducanumab anti-amyloid immunotherapy induces sustained microglial and immune alterations","author":"Cadiz MP","year":"2024","unstructured":"CadizMP, GibsonKA, ToddKT, et al. 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