{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:47:10Z","timestamp":1792108030718,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early intervention is essential for meaningful disease modification in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of pharmacologic and nutritional interventions for early AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from database inception until 1 September 2023. We included randomized controlled trials that evaluated the efficacy of interventions in early AD. Only interventions that demonstrated efficacy compared to placebo were included in the network meta-analysis (NMA). Then we performed frequentist fixed-effects NMA to rank the interventions. GRADE criteria were used to evaluate the level of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-eight trials including a total of 33,864 participants and 48 interventions were eligible for inclusion. Among the 48 interventions analyzed, only 6 (12.5%) treatments\u2014 ranging from low to high certainty\u2014 showed significant improvement in cognitive decline compared to placebo. High certainty evidence indicated that donanemab (standardized mean difference [SMD] \u20130.239, 95% confidence interval [CI] \u20130.343 to \u20130.134) and lecanemab (SMD \u20130.194, 95% CI \u20130.279 to \u20130.108) moderately slowed the clinical progression in patients with amyloid pathology. Additionally, methylphenidate, donepezil, LipiDiDiet, and aducanumab with low certainty showed significant improvement in cognitive decline compared to placebo. However, there was no significant difference in serious adverse events as reported between the six interventions and placebo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Only 12.5% of interventions studied demonstrated efficacy in reducing cognitive impairment in early AD. Donanemab and lecanemab have the potential to moderately slow the clinical progression in patients with amyloid pathology. Further evidence is required for early intervention in AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-240161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T13:32:23Z","timestamp":1715952743000},"page":"1173-1186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Pharmacologic and Nutritional Interventions for Early Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Baoqi","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital (Peking University Binhai Hospital), Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetic for Organ Development of Preterm Infants, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Emergency Department, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China"},{"name":"High Altitude Characteristic Medical Research Institute, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People\u2019s Hospital, Huangnan, Qinghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunbian","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital (Peking University Binhai Hospital), Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetic for Organ Development of Preterm Infants, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingcuo","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Altitude Characteristic Medical Research Institute, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People\u2019s Hospital, Huangnan, Qinghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaozhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital (Peking University Binhai Hospital), Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetic for Organ Development of Preterm Infants, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China"},{"name":"High Altitude Characteristic Medical Research Institute, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People\u2019s Hospital, Huangnan, Qinghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","unstructured":"WHO. 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