{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:26:46Z","timestamp":1788326806743,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"s1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in patient demographics over 65 years old causing debilitating cognitive impairment. Most commonly, AD is diagnosed clinically as \u201cprobable AD\u201d, and definitive diagnosis is confirmed through postmortem brain autopsies to detect extracellular amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) plaques and intraneuronal hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. The exact mechanism causing AD is still unknown, but treatments for AD have been actively investigated. Currently, immunotherapies have shown substantial promise in reducing the pathologic and clinical signs of AD. Objective: This review aims to evaluate passive immunotherapies deemed to have promise for further development and use in the treatment of AD. Methods: Immunotherapies were selected via a narrative review of medications that have potential clinical effectiveness with a status of FDA accepted, FDA fast-track, FDA status pending, or emerging therapies poised to pursue FDA approval. Results: This review has yielded two anti-A\u03b2 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that are currently fully FDA approved, one mAb granted FDA fast-track status, two therapies on hold, three discontinued medications, and three promising emerging therapies. Conclusions: We conclude that, in the near future, passive immunotherapies will be the preferred and evidence-based method of treatment for AD with the presence of brain A\u03b2 deposits for both symptom management and potential slowing of disease progression. Specifically, lecanemab and donanemab will require further clinical studies to optimize patient selection based on safety profiles. Despite some key limitations, these two drugs are paving the way for disease-modifying treatments in patients displaying early signs of amyloid pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-240189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T10:53:13Z","timestamp":1729248793000},"page":"S3-S22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Amyloid-Directed Antibodies: Past, Present, and Future"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Keith","family":"Noorda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Noorda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwan N.","family":"Sabbagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s and Memory Disorders Division, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Bertelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; and The University of Texas Health at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Decourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA"},{"name":"Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-240189_ref1","unstructured":"Kumar A , Sidhu J , Goyal A , Tsao JW (2024) Alzheimer disease. 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