{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T23:10:07Z","timestamp":1790982607269,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"s1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: There is renewed interest in whether sex differences in dementia risk exist, and what influence social and biological factors have. Objective: To review evidence from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS), a multi-center population-representative cohort study in the UK; focusing on dementia and cognition, incorporating findings on participants\u2019 health and social circumstances. Methods: After identifying all CFAS publications, the results of all sex-stratified primary analyses of CFAS data were narratively reviewed. Results: Of 337 publications, 94 report results by sex (including null findings), which are summarized by theme: dementia epidemiology, cognition, mental health, health expectancy, social context and biological resource (including neuropathology). Conclusions: Where differences are found they most commonly favor men; however, greater mortality in men may confound associations with age-related outcomes. This \u2018survival bias\u2019 may explain findings of greater risk of dementia and faster cognitive decline in women. Age-specific dementia incidence was similar between sexes, although reduced incidence across study generations was more pronounced in men. Mood disorders were more prevalent in women, but adjusting for disability and deprivation attenuated the association. Prominent findings from other cohorts that women have more Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology and greater risk of dementia from the Apolipoprotein E \u025b4 allele were not observed, warranting further investigation. The \u2018male-female health-survival paradox\u2019 is demonstrated whereby women live longer but with more comorbidity and disability. Examining why health expectancies changed differently over two decades for each sex (interacting with deprivation) may inform population interventions to improve cognitive, mental and physical health in later life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-240358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T12:30:41Z","timestamp":1723206641000},"page":"S3-S12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Sex Differences in Dementia, Cognition, and Health in the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Merrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Brayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-240358_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.9.1992","article-title":"Gender differences in the incidence of AD and vascular dementia: The EURODEM Studies. 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