{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T17:22:55Z","timestamp":1782753775995,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence from previous observational studies suggest that infection by herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) increase the risk of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate if older adults exposed to HSV treatment have lower risk of dementia than the rest of the population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used the 10% Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) database from 2013 to 2022 to ascertain the cross-sectional, time-series and longitudinal association between exposure to HSV treatment and the dispensing of antidementia medicines. Participants were men and women aged 60 years or older. We used Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes to identify medicines dispensed for the treatment of HSV and dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the year 2022 6,868 (1.2%) of 559,561 of participants aged 60 years or over were dispensed antidementia agent. The odds ratio (OR) of being dispensed an antidementia agent among individuals dispensed treatment for HSV was 0.73 (99% CI\u200a=\u200a0.56\u20130.95). Multilevel logistic regression for the 2013\u20132022 period for those dispensed HSV treatment was 0.87 (99% CI\u200a=\u200a0.75\u20131.00). Split-time span series from 2013 was associated with hazard ratio of 0.98 (99% CI\u200a=\u200a0.89\u20131.07) for individuals dispensed relative to those not dispensed HSV treatment. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and the dispensing of medicines for the treatment of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and ischemic heart disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The dispensing of antiviral medicines for the treatment of HSV and VZV is consistently, but not conclusively, associated with decreased dispensing of antidementia medicines. This suggests that treatment of HSV and VZV infections may contribute to reduce the risk of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-240391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T12:01:12Z","timestamp":1718712072000},"page":"791-797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between Treatment for Herpes Virus Infection and the Dispensing of Antidementia Medicines: An Analysis of the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme Database"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Global Health","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Kelty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Global Health","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Global Health","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"University of Western Australia","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Etherton-Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Australia","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Sanfilippo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Global Health","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osvaldo P.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Australia","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"University of Notre Dame","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33185-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-132690"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60461-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000031116"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41218-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87963-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.16m11312"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000034503"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2022.102200"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00950-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12119"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-018-0611-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12216"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14795"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12293"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16768-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab387"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.19.237149"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1616-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-021122"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","first-page":"e021122corr0211","article-title":"Correction: The validity of the Rx-Risk Comorbidity Index using medicines mapped to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System","volume":"10","author":"Pratt NL","year":"2020","unstructured":"PrattNL, KerrM, BarrattJD, Kemp-CaseyA, Kalisch EllettLM, RamsayE, RougheadEE (2020) Correction: The validity of the Rx-Risk Comorbidity Index using medicines mapped to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System. BMJ Open 10, e021122corr021121.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-020-01157-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12187"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12264"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","first-page":"493","article-title":"Search for herpetic antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid in senile dementia and mental retardation","volume":"19","author":"Lib\u00edkov\u00e1 H","year":"1975","unstructured":"Lib\u00edkov\u00e1H, Pog\u00e1dyJ, WiedermannV, BreierS (1975) Search for herpetic antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid in senile dementia and mental retardation. Acta Virol 19, 493\u2013495.","journal-title":"Acta Virol"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.09.077"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2008-14301"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2449"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (2022) Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme Supplied Medications. https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/articles\/pharmaceutical-benefits-scheme-supplied-med-ications Last updated August 30 2022 Accessed on March 20 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","unstructured":"Australian Department of Health (2015) Discounting PBS patient co-payment. http:\/\/www.pbs.gov.au\/general\/pbs-access-sustainability\/fact-sheet-discounting-pbs-patient-co-payment.pdf Last updated June 25 2015 Accessed on March 18 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15069809"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","first-page":"1403","article-title":"Treatment of Alzheimer disease","volume":"83","author":"Winslow BT","year":"2011","unstructured":"WinslowBT, OnyskoMK, StobCM, HazlewoodKA (2011) Treatment of Alzheimer disease. Am Fam Physician 83, 1403\u20131412.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51838"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_2","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2024) Dementia in Australia. https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/dementia\/dementia-in-aus\/contents\/summary Accessed on March 13 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12638"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215553"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JAD-240391","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JAD-240391","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JAD-240391","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T17:48:42Z","timestamp":1780422522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JAD-240391"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JAD-240391"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-240391","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]]}}}