{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:59:40Z","timestamp":1787162380360,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"s1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The Addenbrooke\u2019s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) is an accessible cognitive tool that supports the early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Objective: To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of the ACE-R in MCI, AD, and bvFTD through the identification of novel coefficients for differentiation between these diseases. Methods: We assessed 387 individuals: 102 mild AD, 37 mild bvFTD, 87 with amnestic MCI patients, and 161 cognitively unimpaired controls. The Mokken scaling technique facilitated the extraction out of the 26 ACE-R items that exhibited a common latent trait, thereby generating the Mokken scales for the AD group and the MCI group. Subsequently, we performed logistic regression, integrating each Mokken scales with sociodemographic factors, to differentiate between AD and bvFTD, as well as between AD or MCI and control groups. Ultimately, the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis was employed to assess the efficacy of the coefficient\u2019s discrimination. Results: The AD-specific Mokken scale (AD-MokACE-R) versus bvFTD exhibited an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.922 (88% sensitivity and specificity). The AD-MokACE-R versus controls achieved an AUC of 0.968 (93% sensitivity, 94% specificity). The MCI-specific scale (MCI-MokACE-R) versus controls demonstrated an AUC of 0.859 (78% sensitivity, 79% specificity). Conclusions: The ACE-R\u2019s capacity is enhanced through statistical methods and demographic integration, allowing for accurate differentiation between AD and bvFTD, as well as between MCI and controls. This new method not only reinforces its clinical value in early diagnosis but also surpasses traditional approaches noted in prior studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-240554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T11:51:00Z","timestamp":1721389860000},"page":"S45-S55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Improved Accuracy of the Addenbrooke\u2019s Cognitive Examination\u2013Revised in the Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment, Mild Dementia Due to Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia Using Mokken Scale Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Viviane","family":"Amaral-Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Neurologia, Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, 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