{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T01:24:08Z","timestamp":1777685048836,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Huntington's Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Huntington\u2019s disease (HD) patients often report anorectal dysfunction; however, in HD research no detailed analysis of these complaints has been published.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report anorectal dysfunction in a systematically studied cohort of HD subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 54 HD patients (24 men) and 10 presymptomatic HD mutation carriers (2 men) and in 99 controls (44 men) a history of anal incontinence and constipation was obtained and data was compared accordingly. In HD mutation carriers a clinical neurologic assessment and in some cases anorectal manometry were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Defecation urgency was reported by 28% of our HD mutation carriers, soiling in 18% and fecal incontinence in 28%. Severe anal incontinence (solid stools) was found in 0% men \/ 10% women, moderate (liquid stools) in 21% \/ 13%, and mild (flatus only) in 67% \/ 47% of our HD subjects. Compared to controls, anal incontinence was significantly more common in HD subjects (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Severe chronic constipation was found in 4.2% men \/ 0.0% women, moderate in 8.3% \/ 0.0%, and mild in 21% \/ 27% of HD subjects. Constipation was more common in HD men (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02) than in HD women (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.144). Anorectal dysfunction was not reported by 54% of our HD subjects. Patients reporting incontinence or constipation were significantly more depressed (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.53,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). Upon anorectal manometry reduced resting anal pressure was found in 4 of 6 HD women.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study demonstrated significant bowel dysfunction in HD patients. We propose these symptoms to be of central autonomic origin, although we cannot exclude effects of medication. These often neglected symptoms in HD subjects require greater attention from physicians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jhd-170280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T14:34:39Z","timestamp":1528209279000},"page":"259-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Anorectal Dysfunction in Presymptomatic Mutation Carriers and Patients with Huntington\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Kobal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Division of Neurology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kolenc","family":"Matej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, General Hospital Novo mesto, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matic","family":"Ko\u017eelj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department for Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Podnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Division of Neurology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"28","volume-title":"Clinical neurology of Huntington\u2019s disease. Diversity in unity, unity in diversity","author":"Kremer B","year":"2002","unstructured":"KremerB. Clinical neurology of Huntington\u2019s disease. Diversity in unity, unity in diversity. In: BatesG, HarperP, editors. Huntington's disease. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2002. pp. 28\u201361.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2009.01251.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520270087025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.02973.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7494-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.2.273"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JHD-160224"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050307"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02056950"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6703_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20153"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.3276"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198910000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"2277","article-title":"Treatment of constipation in older adults","volume":"72","author":"Hsieh C","year":"2005","unstructured":"HsiehC. Treatment of constipation in older adults. Am Fam Physician. 2005;72:2277\u201384.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62272-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70238-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19991001)86:7<1342::AID-CNCR33>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(89)90168-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.1.252"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/currents.RRN1284"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22451"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909112441241"}],"container-title":["Journal of Huntington's Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JHD-170280","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JHD-170280","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JHD-170280","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:50:36Z","timestamp":1777452636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JHD-170280"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JHD-170280"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jhd-170280","relation":{},"ISSN":["1879-6397","1879-6400"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1879-6397","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-6400","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]]}}}