{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T01:52:08Z","timestamp":1777686728128,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630972800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Huntington's Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arithmetic word-problem solving depends on the interaction of several cognitive processes that may be affected early in the disease in gene-mutation carriers for Huntington\u2019s disease (HD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our goal was to examine the pattern of performance of arithmetic tasks in premanifest and manifest HD, and to examine correlations between arithmetic task performance and other neuropsychological tasks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected data from a multicenter cohort of 165 HD gene-mutation carriers. The sample consisted of 31 premanifest participants: 16 far-from (&gt;12 years estimated time to diagnosis; preHD-A) and 15 close-to (\u226412 years estimated time to diagnosis; preHD-B), 134 symptomatic patients (early-mild HD), and 37 healthy controls (HC). We compared performance between groups and explored the associations between arithmetic word-problem solving and neuropsychological and clinical variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Total arithmetic word-problem solving scores were lower in preHD-B patients than in preHD-A ( p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.05) patients and HC ( p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.01). Early-mild HD patients had lower scores than preHD patients ( p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001) and HC ( p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001). Compared to HC, preHD and early-mild HD participants made more errors as trial complexity increased. Moreover, arithmetic word-problem solving scores were significantly associated with measures of global cognition ( p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001), frontal-executive functions ( p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001), attention ( p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001) visual working memory ( p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001), mental rotation ( p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001), and confrontation naming ( p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arithmetic word-problem solving is affected early in the course of HD and is related to deficient processes in frontal-executive and mentalizing-related processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jhd-210480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T23:06:57Z","timestamp":1633129617000},"page":"459-468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Arithmetic Word-Problem Solving as Cognitive Marker of Progression in Pre-Manifest and Manifest Huntington\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Horta-Barba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"European Huntington\u2019s Disease Network 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(CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"European Huntington\u2019s Disease Network (EHDN)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Sampedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natascia","family":"de Lucia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Huntington\u2019s Disease Network (EHDN)"},{"name":"University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"De Michele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Huntington\u2019s Disease Network (EHDN)"},{"name":"University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Salvatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Huntington\u2019s Disease Network (EHDN)"},{"name":"University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Kehrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Huntington\u2019s Disease Network (EHDN)"},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Priller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Huntington\u2019s Disease Network (EHDN)"},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 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Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Mariotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Huntington\u2019s Disease Network (EHDN)"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Ma\u00f1anes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Huntington\u2019s Disease Network (EHDN)"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Lopez-Sendon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Huntington\u2019s Disease Network (EHDN)"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noelia","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Huntington\u2019s Disease Network (EHDN)"},{"name":"Department of Neurology. 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Huntington\u2019s Disease Network (EHDN)"},{"name":"Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit, Apulian Center for Huntington\u2019s Disease SMBNOS Department, \u201cAldo Moro\u201d University, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"de Tommaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Huntington\u2019s Disease Network (EHDN)"},{"name":"Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit, Apulian Center for Huntington\u2019s Disease SMBNOS Department, \u201cAldo Moro\u201d University, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Noguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Huntington\u2019s Disease Network (EHDN)"},{"name":"Hospital Mare de Deu de la Merc\u00e8, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Ruiz-Idiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Huntington\u2019s Disease Network 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