{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T01:53:34Z","timestamp":1777686814328,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JHD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Prior studies have relied on conventional observer-based severity ratings such as the Unified Huntington\u2019s Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) to identify early motor markers of decline in Huntington\u2019s disease (HD). Objective: The present study examined the predictive utility of graphomotor measures handwriting and drawing movements. Methods: Seventeen gene-positive premanifest HD subjects underwent comprehensive clinical, cognitive, motor, and graphomotor assessments at baseline and at follow-up intervals ranging from 9\u201336 months. Baseline graphomotor assessments were subjected to linear multiple regression procedures to identify factors associated with change on the comprehensive UHDRS index. Results: Subjects were followed for an average of 21.2 months. Three multivariate regression models based on graphomotor variables derived from a complex loop task, a maximum speed circle drawing task and a combined task returned adjusted R2 coefficients of 0.76, 0.71, and 0.80 respectively accounting for a significant portion of the variability in cUHDRS change score. The best-fit model based on the combined tasks indicated that greater decline on the cUHDRS was associated with increased pen movement dysfluency and stroke-stroke variability at baseline. Conclusion: Performance on multiple measures of graphomotor dysfluency assessed during the premanifest or prodromal stage in at-risk HD individuals was associated with decline on a multidimensional index of HD morbidity preceding an HD diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jhd-230562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T09:11:08Z","timestamp":1683709868000},"page":"283-292","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Graphomotor Dysfluency as a Predictor of Disease Progression in Premanifest Huntington\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Caligiuri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Braden","family":"Culbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 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