{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T01:53:38Z","timestamp":1777686818529,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696291200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JHD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Huntingtin (htt) protein is an essential regulator of nervous system function through its various neuroprotective and pro-survival functions, and loss of wild-type htt function is implicated in the etiology of Huntington\u2019s disease. While its pathological role is typically understood as a toxic gain-of-function, some neuronal phenotypes also result from htt loss. Therefore, it is important to understand possible roles for htt in other physiological circumstances. Objective: To elucidate the role of htt in the context of ethanol exposure, we investigated how loss of htt impacts behavioral and physiological responses to ethanol in Drosophila. Methods: We tested flies lacking htt for ethanol sensitivity and tolerance, preference for ethanol using capillary feeder assays, and recovery of mobility after intoxication. Levels of dopamine neurotransmitter and numbers of dopaminergic cells in brains lacking dhtt were also measured. Results: We found that dhtt-null flies are both less sensitive and more tolerant to ethanol exposure in adulthood. Moreover, flies lacking dhtt are more averse to alcohol than controls, and they recover mobility faster following acute ethanol intoxication. We showed that dhtt mediates these effects at least in part through the dopaminergic system, as dhtt is required to maintain normal levels of dopamine in the brain and normal numbers of dopaminergic cells in the adult protocerebrum. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that htt regulates the physiological response to ethanol and indicate a novel neuroprotective role for htt in the dopaminergic system, raising the possibility that it may be involved more generally in the response to toxic stimuli.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jhd-230581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T11:28:14Z","timestamp":1693567694000},"page":"241-252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Huntingtin Plays a Role in the Physiological Response to Ethanol in Drosophila"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Erin B.D.","family":"Clabough","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"},{"name":"Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christia","family":"Aspili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William S.","family":"Fussy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Ingersoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Kislyakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng-Jiuan","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dustin B.","family":"Wiles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Willy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Thomas Vinyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Mollica III","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James V.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cody W.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dallas A.","family":"Roark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary P.","family":"Tabrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harris L.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mimi","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. Jill","family":"Venton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conor W.","family":"Sipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059581","article-title":"Loss of huntingtin-mediated BDNF gene transcription in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"293","author":"Zuccato","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1806","article-title":"Normal huntingtin function: An alternative approach to Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"6","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1086\/318207","article-title":"Wild-type huntingtin reduces the cellular toxicity of mutant huntingtin in vivo","volume":"68","author":"Leavitt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3705","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-10-03705.2000","article-title":"Wild-type huntingtin protects from apoptosis upstream of caspase-3","volume":"20","author":"Rigamonti","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14545","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C100044200","article-title":"Huntingtin\u2019s neuroprotective activity occurs via inhibition of procaspase-9 processing","volume":"276","author":"Rigamonti","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41299","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M008408200","article-title":"Huntingtin interacting protein 1 induces apoptosis via a novel caspase-dependent death effector domain","volume":"275","author":"Hackam","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01980.x","article-title":"Depletion of wild-type huntingtin in mouse models of neurologic diseases","volume":"87","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03605.x","article-title":"Wild-type huntingtin protects neurons from excitotoxicity","volume":"96","author":"Leavitt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.8.905","article-title":"Huntington\u2019s disease: The past, present, and future search for disease modifiers","volume":"86","author":"Clabough","year":"2013","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1866-1955-5-6","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental alcohol exposure elicits long-term changes to gene expression that alter distinct molecular pathways dependent on timing of exposure","volume":"5","author":"Kleiber","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurodev Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5113","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105113","article-title":"Genetic and environmental contributors to neurodegeneration: An exploration of the effects of alcohol on clinical features of Huntington\u2019s disease using the Enroll-HD Global Platform","volume":"18","author":"Symonds","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003661","article-title":"Substance abuse may hasten motor onset of Huntington disease","volume":"88","author":"Schultz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.116.532.255","article-title":"Socio-psychiatric consequences of Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"116","author":"Dewhurst","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.114.506.93","article-title":"Social aspects of Huntington\u2019s chorea","volume":"114","author":"Hans","year":"1968","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2011.00365.x","article-title":"Protracted abstinence from distinct drugs of abuse shows regulation of a common gene network","volume":"17","author":"Le Merrer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.9.1807","article-title":"A putative Drosophila homolog of the Huntington\u2019s disease gene","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(00)80573-5","article-title":"Polyglutamine-expanded human huntingtin transgenes induce degeneration of Drosophila photoreceptor neurons","volume":"21","author":"Jackson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082398","article-title":"The tiny Drosophila melanogaster for the biggest answers in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Rosas-Arellano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R187","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddg271","article-title":"Fly models of Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Marsh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(03)00594-4","article-title":"Disruption of axonal transport by loss of huntingtin or expression of pathogenic polyQ proteins in Drosophila","volume":"40","author":"Gunawardena","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1095-155","article-title":"Increased apoptosis and early embryonic lethality in mice nullizygous for the Huntington\u2019s disease gene homologue","volume":"11","author":"Zeitlin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.000653","article-title":"Inactivation of Drosophila Huntingtin affects long-term adult functioning and the pathogenesis of a Huntington\u2019s disease model","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12353","article-title":"A new brain dopamine-deficient Drosophila and its pharmacological and genetic rescue","volume":"16","author":"Cichewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00228","article-title":"Modeling Parkinson\u2019s disease in Drosophila: What have we learned for dominant traits?","volume":"9","author":"Xiong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.04.014","article-title":"Drosophila PINK1 and parkin loss-of-function mutants display a range of non-motor Parkinson\u2019s disease phenotypes","volume":"104","author":"Julienne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.006411","article-title":"A Drosophila model for fetal alcohol syndrome disorders: Role for the insulin pathway","volume":"4","author":"McClure","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2805","article-title":"A Drosophila model for alcohol reward","volume":"14","author":"Kaun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52676","DOI":"10.3791\/52676","article-title":"An inexpensive, scalable behavioral assay for measuring ethanol sedation sensitivity and rapid tolerance in Drosophila","author":"Sandhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8253","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7683(79)90043-X","article-title":"Prandiology of Drosophila and the CAFE assay","volume":"104","author":"Ja","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.10030","article-title":"Pharmacological evidence for GABAergic regulation of specific behaviors in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"50","author":"Leal","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00336-5","article-title":"Dopamine modulates acute responses to cocaine, nicotine and ethanol in Drosophila","volume":"10","author":"Bainton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2021.03.006","article-title":"Developmental ethanol exposure causes central nervous system dysfunction and may slow the aging process in a Drosophila model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder","volume":"94","author":"Belhorma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1021\/ac103092z","article-title":"Analysis of biogenic amines in a single Drosophila larva brain by capillary electrophoresis with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry detection","volume":"83","author":"Fang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1039\/b307024g","article-title":"Overoxidation of carbon-fiber microelectrodes enhances dopamine adsorption and increases sensitivity","volume":"128","author":"Heien","year":"2003","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1021\/cn500261e","article-title":"Analysis of neurotransmitter tissue content of Drosophila melanogaster in different life stages","volume":"6","author":"Denno","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.07.014","article-title":"Aging and circadian dysfunction increase alcohol sensitivity and exacerbate mortality in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"97","author":"De Nobrega","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.19.3.523","article-title":"The resistance of Drosophila to alcohol","volume":"19","author":"Crozier","year":"1936","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-06-02074.2002","article-title":"Long-lasting potentiation of GABAergic synapses in dopamine neurons after a single in vivo ethanol exposure","volume":"22","author":"Melis","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1002-0829.2014.02.002","article-title":"The dopamine system and alcohol dependence","volume":"26","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Shanghai Arch Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81205-2","article-title":"Ethanol intoxication in Drosophila: Genetic and pharmacological evidence for regulation by the cAMP signaling pathway","volume":"93","author":"Moore","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref41","first-page":"373","article-title":"Low endogenous dopamine function in brain predisposes to high alcohol preference and consumption: Reversal by increasing synaptic dopamine","volume":"273","author":"George","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/2843","article-title":"Alcohol preference and sensitivity are markedly reduced in mice lacking dopamine D2 receptors","volume":"1","author":"Phillips","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02602.x","article-title":"Decreased ethanol preference and consumption in dopamine transporter female knock-out mice","volume":"26","author":"Savelieva","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00659.x","article-title":"Ethanol sensitivity and tolerance in long-term memory mutants of Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"32","author":"Berger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.10.070","article-title":"Preferential ethanol consumption in Drosophila models features of addiction","volume":"19","author":"Devineni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.04.005.2009","article-title":"Eight different types of dopaminergic neurons innervate the Drosophila mushroom body neuropil: Anatomical and physiological heterogeneity","volume":"3","author":"Mao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front Neural Circuits"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2271","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.173","article-title":"Mitofusin-mediated ER stress triggers neurodegeneration in pink1\/parkin models of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Celardo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2008.00258.x","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of calmodulin peptide 76-121aa: Disruption of calmodulin binding to mutant huntingtin","volume":"20","author":"Dudek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4611","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3610-6","article-title":"Role of CA2+\/calmodulin on ethanol neurobehavioral effects","volume":"231","author":"Bali\u00f1o","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(89)90113-5","article-title":"Central dopamine-synthesis regulation by the calcium-calmodulin-dependent system","volume":"22","author":"Sutoo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2005.01.001","article-title":"Progressive loss of BDNF in a mouse model of Huntington\u2019s disease and rescue by BDNF delivery","volume":"52","author":"Zuccato","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/35075076","article-title":"BDNF controls dopamine D3receptor expression and triggers behavioural sensitization","volume":"411","author":"Guillin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/350230a0","article-title":"BDNF is a neurotrophic factor for dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra","volume":"350","author":"Hyman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200105080-00025","article-title":"Dopamine regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in cultured embryonic mouse striatal cells","volume":"12","author":"K\u00fcppers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060284","article-title":"Drosophila neurotrophins reveal a common mechanism for nervous system formation","volume":"6","author":"Zhu","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810996106","article-title":"Evidence that DmMANF is an invertebrate neurotrophic factor supporting dopaminergic neurons","volume":"106","author":"Palgi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230581_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2021.104355","article-title":"DNT1 Downregulation and increased ethanol sensitivity in transgenic drosophila models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"94","author":"Nikookar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"}],"container-title":["Journal of Huntington's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JHD-230581","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:56:17Z","timestamp":1777452977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JHD-230581"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jhd-230581","relation":{},"ISSN":["1879-6397","1879-6400"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1879-6397","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-6400","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]}}}