{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T14:24:48Z","timestamp":1780496688330,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JHD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Though primarily classified as a brain disorder, surplus studies direct Huntington\u2019s disease (HD) to be a multi-system disorder affecting various tissues and organs, thus affecting overall physiology of host. Recently, we have reported that neuronal expression of mutant huntingtin induces immune dysregulation in Drosophila and may pose chronic threat to challenged individuals. Therefore, we tested the polyphenolic compound curcumin to circumvent the impact of immune dysregulation in Drosophila model of HD. Objective: The present study examined the molecular basis underlying immune derangements and immunomodulatory potential of curcumin in HD. Methods: UAS-GAL4 system was used to imitate the HD symptoms in Drosophila, and the desired female progenies (elav\u200a&gt;\u200aHttex1pQ25; control and elav\u200a&gt;\u200aHttex1pQ93; diseased) were cultured on food mixed without and with 10 \u03bcM concentration of curcumin since early development. Effect of curcumin supplementation was investigated by monitoring the hemocytes\u2019 count and their functional abilities in diseased condition. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in cells was assessed by DHE staining and mitochondrial dysfunction was assessed by CMXros red dye. In addition, transcript levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-microbial peptides were monitored by qRT-PCR. Results: We found that curcumin supplementation commendably reduced higher crystal cell count and phenoloxidase activity in diseased flies. Interestingly, curcumin significantly managed altered plasmatocytes count, improved their phagocytic activity by upregulating the expression of key phagocytic receptors in HD condition. Moreover, substantial alleviation of ROS levels and mitochondria dysfunction was observed in plasmatocytes of diseased flies upon curcumin supplementation. Furthermore, curcumin administration effectively attenuated transcriptional expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and AMPs in diseased flies. Conclusions: Our results indicate that curcumin efficiently attenuates immune derangements in HD flies and may prove beneficial in alleviating complexities associated with HD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jhd-230595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T11:06:12Z","timestamp":1695985572000},"page":"335-354","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Amendment of Altered Immune Response by Curcumin in Drosophila Model of Huntington\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Dhankhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anju","family":"Shrivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Namita","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JHD-230595_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90585-E","article-title":"A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington\u2019s disease chromosomes","volume":"72","author":"MacDonald","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JHD-230595_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799002871","article-title":"The molecular biology of Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"31","author":"Ho","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/JHD-230595_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70178-4","article-title":"Beyond the brain: Widespread pathology in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"van der Burg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/JHD-230595_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-021-00844-y","article-title":"Metabolism in Huntington\u2019s disease: A major contributor to pathology","volume":"37","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JHD-230595_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02432210","article-title":"Hormone studies in patients with Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"2","author":"Podolsky","year":"1979","journal-title":"Age"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/JHD-230595_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e647","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000647","article-title":"Early energy deficit in Huntington disease: Identification of a plasma biomarker traceable during disease progression","volume":"2","author":"Mochel","year":"2007","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/JHD-230595_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4962","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004962","article-title":"Neuroendocrine disturbances in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Saleh","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-230595_ref9","first-page":"1189","article-title":"Identifying sleep disturbances in Huntington\u2019s disease using a simple disease-focused questionnaire","volume":"2","author":"Goodman","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Curr. 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