{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:45:14Z","timestamp":1791945914117,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JHD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\u00a0Juvenile Huntington\u2019s disease (JHD) is rare. In the first decade of life speech difficulties, rigidity, and dystonia are common clinical motor symptoms, whereas onset in the second decade motor symptoms may sometimes resemble adult-onset Huntington\u2019s disease (AOHD). Cognitive decline is mostly detected by declining school performances. Behavioral symptoms in general do not differ from AOHD but may be confused with autism spectrum disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and lead to misdiagnosis and\/or diagnostic delay. JHD specific features are epilepsy, ataxia, spasticity, pain, itching, and possibly liver steatosis. Disease progression of JHD is faster compared to AOHD and the disease duration is shorter, particularly in case of higher CAG repeat lengths. The diagnosis is based on clinical judgement in combination with a positive family history and\/or DNA analysis after careful consideration. Repeat length in JHD is usually\u200a&gt;\u200a55 and caused by anticipation, usually via paternal transmission. There are no pharmacological and multidisciplinary guidelines for JHD treatment. Future perspectives for earlier diagnosis are better diagnostic markers such as qualitative MRI and neurofilament light in serum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jhd-231523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T14:07:36Z","timestamp":1714140456000},"page":"149-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Clinical Review of Juvenile Huntington\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mayke","family":"Oosterloo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Pediatric Huntington Disease Working Group of the European Huntington Disease 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