{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T20:45:11Z","timestamp":1789764311518,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JHD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Huntington\u2019s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant, progressive neurodegenerative disorder debilitating mainly in adults. Objective: This study aimed to assess the trends in HD-related mortality regarding various demographic factors. Methods: Death certificates from the CDC WONDER were studied from 1999 to 2019, for HD-related mortality in adults aged 25\u200a+\u200ayears. Age-adjusted Mortality Rate (AAMR) per 100,000 persons and Annual Percentage Change (APC) were calculated and stratified by year, age groups, gender, race\/ethnicity, state, census region, urbanization, and place of death. Results: Between 1999 to 2019, 22,595 deaths occurred in adults due to HD. The AAMR increased from 0.43 to 0.54 during this period (APC\u200a=\u200a0.50; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.84). Old adults (65\u201385\u200a+\u200ayears) had the highest overall AAMR, followed by middle-aged adults (45\u201364 years) and young adults (25\u201344 years) (AAMR old: 1.01 vs. AAMR middle-age: 0.68 vs. AAMR young: 0.16). Men had slightly greater overall AAMRs than women (AAMR men: 0.54 vs. AAMR women: 0.48). When stratified by race, non-Hispanic (NH) Whites had significantly higher mortality rates than NH African Americans (AAMR NH White: 0.61 vs. NH African American: 0.35), while the AAMR were lowest in Hispanic\/Latino (0.28). The AAMRs also showed variation by region (overall AAMR: Midwest: 0.63, Northeast: 0.47, West: 0.48, South: 0.46), and non-metropolitan areas had higher HD-related AAMR (0.66) than metropolitan areas (0.47). Conclusions: HD-related mortality in US adults has increased since 1999. Reflecting on the variations in trends observed, new strategies are required to optimize the quality of care in long-term care facilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jhd-240037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T11:15:59Z","timestamp":1725016559000},"page":"329-338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Huntington\u2019s Disease-Related Mortality Patterns: A Two-Decade Analysis of Mortality Trends in the United States, from 1999\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Arham","family":"Bin Kashif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8876-5427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samar","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahrim","family":"Saqib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syeda Tahira","family":"Waheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Medical College and Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piresh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Bahria University Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aima","family":"Javaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Asjad","family":"Riaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urooj","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zain Ali","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahbaz Ali","family":"Nasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Indus Hospital Kahna Nau, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afrah","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-240037_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.2.527","article-title":"Trinucleotide repeat length and clinical progression in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"46","author":"Brandt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-240037_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198611133152006","article-title":"Huntington\u2019s disease. pathogenesis and management","volume":"315","author":"Martin","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JHD-240037_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12502","article-title":"REGISTRY investigators of the European Huntington\u2019s Disease Network. 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