{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:10:03Z","timestamp":1777857003177,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614124800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary periodic paralysis (PPP) are rare inherited neuromuscular disorders including Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP), Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HyperPP) and Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) characterised by attacks of weakness or paralysis of skeletal muscles. Limited effective pharmacological treatments are available, and avoidance of lifestyle related triggers seems important.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our aim was to search and assess the scientific literature for information on trigger factors related to nutrition and physical activity in PPP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched Ovid Medline and Embase database for scientific papers published between January 1, 1990, to January 31, 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We did not identify published observation or intervention studies evaluating effect of lifestyle changes on attacks. Current knowledge is based on case-reports, expert opinions, and retrospective case studies with inadequate methods for description of nutrition and physical activity. In HypoPP, high carbohydrate and salt intake, over-eating, alcohol, dehydration, hard physical activity, and rest after exercise are frequently reported triggers. Regarding HyperPP, fasting, intake of potassium, alcohol, cold foods or beverages, physical activity, and rest after exercise are frequently reported triggers. No nutrition related triggers are reported regarding ATS, exercise can however induce ventricular arrhythmias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results support that dietary intake and physical activity may play a role in causing paralytic attacks in PPP, although the current scientific evidence is weak. To provide good evidence-based patient care, several lifestyle aspects need to be further assessed and described.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jnd-200604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T12:31:17Z","timestamp":1614342677000},"page":"457-468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Role of Nutrition and Physical Activity as Trigger Factors of Paralytic Attacks in Primary Periodic Paralysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Natasha Lervaag","family":"Welland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Frambu Resource Centre for Rare Disorders (Frambu), Siggerud, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helge","family":"H\u00e6stad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Neuromuscular Centre (NMK), University Hospital of North Norway, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanne Ludt","family":"Fossmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Congenital and Hereditary Neuromuscular Disorders (EMAN), Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Vikersund Rehabilitation Centre, Vikersund, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaja","family":"Giltvedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frambu Resource Centre for Rare Disorders (Frambu), Siggerud, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"\u00d8rstavik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Congenital and Hereditary Neuromuscular Disorders (EMAN), Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Nordstr\u00f8m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frambu Resource Centre for Rare Disorders (Frambu), Siggerud, Norway"},{"name":"Unit for Congenital and Hereditary Neuromuscular Disorders (EMAN), Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","unstructured":"WeberF, Lehmann-HornF. Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis. 2002 Apr 30 [Updated 2018 Jul 26]. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., editors. GeneReviews\u00ae[Internet]. Seattle (WA): University ofWashington, Seattle; 1993-2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK1338\/."},{"key":"ref002","unstructured":"WeberF, Jurkat-RottK, Lehmann-HornF. Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis. 2003 Jul 18 [Updated 2016 Jan 28]. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., editors. GeneReviews\u00ae [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK1496\/"},{"key":"ref003","unstructured":"VeerapandiyanA, StatlandJM, TawilR. Andersen-Tawil Syndrome. 2004 Nov 22 [Updated 2018 Jun 7]. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., editors. GeneReviews\u00ae [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2020. 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