{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T23:07:37Z","timestamp":1785366457890,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710979200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Facial weakness is a key feature of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) and may lead to altered facial expression and subsequent psychosocial impairment. There is no cure and supportive treatments focus on optimizing physical fitness and compensation of functional disabilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We hypothesize that symptomatic treatment options and psychosocial interventions for other neurological diseases with altered facial expression could be applicable to FSHD. Therefore, the aim of this review is to collect symptomatic treatment approaches that target facial muscle function and psychosocial interventions in various neurological diseases with altered facial expression in order to discuss the applicability to FSHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search was performed. Selected studies had to include FSHD, Bell\u2019s palsy, Moebius syndrome, myotonic dystrophy type 1, or Parkinson\u2019s disease and treatment options which target altered facial expression. Data was extracted for study and patients\u2019 characteristics, outcome assessment tools, treatment, outcome of facial expression and or psychosocial functioning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty studies met the inclusion criteria, of which only three studies included FSHD patients exclusively. Most, twenty-one, studies were performed in patients with Bell\u2019s palsy. Studies included twelve different therapy categories and results were assessed with different outcomes measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five therapy categories were considered applicable to FSHD: training of (non-verbal) communication compensation strategies, speech training, physical therapy, conference attendance, and smile restoration surgery. Further research is needed to establish the effect of these therapies in FSHD. We recommend to include outcome measures in these studies that cover at least cosmetic, functional, communication, and quality of life domains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jnd-230213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T12:04:57Z","timestamp":1711109097000},"page":"535-565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Treatment Approaches for Altered Facial Expression: A Systematic Review in Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy and Other Neurological Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nathani\u00ebl B.","family":"Rasing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willianne A.","family":"van de Geest-Buit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"On Ying A.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karlien","family":"Mul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Lanser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient Representative and Chairman FSHD Advocacy Group, Patient Organization for Muscular Disease Spierziekten Nederland, Baarn, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baziel G.M.","family":"van Engelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrie E.","family":"Erasmus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agneta H.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen J.A.O.","family":"Ingels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ietske","family":"Siemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan T.","family":"Groothuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol C.","family":"Voermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"PadbergGWAMFacioscapulohumeral disease [Doctoral Thesis]: Leiden University Netherlands; 1982."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2015-001353"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000797"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.2009.01158.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000399"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1189044"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21030729"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2018.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2020.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.6.2.269"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","first-page":"208","article-title":"Evaluating faces on trustworthiness: an extension of systems for recognition of emotions signaling approach\/avoidance behaviors","author":"Todorov A","unstructured":"TodorovA. 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