{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T05:23:11Z","timestamp":1782969791978,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Background: There is growing evidence that the spice saffron, which contains powerful anti-oxidants, offers protection against neurodegenerative disorders, including age-related macular degeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Objective: We examined whether saffron pre-treatment protects dopaminergic cells of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and retina in an acute MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Methods: BALB\/c mice received MPTP or saline injections over a 30 hour period, followed by six days survival. For five days prior to injections, the drinking water of the saffron groups was supplemented with saffron (0.01% w\/v), while non-saffron groups received normal tap water. After the survival period was complete, brains were processed for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunochemistry and the number of TH\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells was analysed using the optical fractionator method. Results: In both the SNc and retina, non-conditioned MPTP-injected mice had a reduced number of TH\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells (30\u201335%) compared to the saline-injected controls. Saffron pre-conditioning mitigated the reduction, with pre-conditioned MPTP-injected mice having SNc and retinal TH\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cell numbers close to control levels, significantly (25\u201335%) higher than in non-conditioned MPTP-injected mice. Conclusions: Our results indicated that saffron pre-treatment of mice saved many dopaminergic cells of the SNc and retina from parkinsonian (MPTP) insult.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-130173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T13:55:22Z","timestamp":1575381322000},"page":"77-83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Saffron Pre-Treatment Offers Neuroprotection to Nigral and Retinal                     Dopaminergic Cells of MPTP-Treated mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Sivaraman","family":"Purushothuman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charith","family":"Nandasena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra L.","family":"Peoples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, University of Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabil","family":"El Massri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, University of Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Johnstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Mitrofanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, University of Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"container-title":["Journal of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JPD-130173","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JPD-130173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:42:11Z","timestamp":1777610531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JPD-130173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JPD-130173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jpd-130173","relation":{"is-cited-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s10072-017-2835-7","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1877-7171","1877-718X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-7171","type":"print"},{"value":"1877-718X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]}}}